Memory book

Grandmother Dora (she asked to be called that) spoke little about that terrible time when Bessarabia was under Romanian-German occupation. I know that almost the entire family on her side (they lived in a small village near Chisinau) perished in

Shoah. Jews were led away to their deaths by cunning and force. My grandfather was from the Jewish town of Kaushany, where before the war Jews made up almost half the population. After the war, there was not a single Jew left there that he knew.

My father was born in 1944, as my grandmother joked – “I gave birth out of fear at the very first artillery salvo.” I asked her more than once – why did he and my grandfather manage to survive? After all, the Einsatzkommandos literally combed all the settlements in Moldova, studied the archives in search of Jews, and questioned the local population. The answer did not change – according to her, they managed to survive only because they destroyed their personal documents in time, and the archives containing information about the family probably did not fall into the hands of the Nazis, because they were taken away during the evacuation. And of course, the local residents did not give up my grandmother and grandfather. The family was very rich, they were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding, they had many workers, to whom they treated very well. Probably, that is why no one in the villages gave them up to the Sonderkommandos.

After the war, my grandmother became the soul of the large family. She tried to preserve national Jewish traditions and pass them on to us. On Friday evenings, candles were lit, Shabbat was a real holiday. Dora knew several languages - Romanian, Russian, Yiddish. I still remember these words that sounded so mysterious to me - a teenager - from her lips - ofn, likht, khoyz (stove, candle, house).

She left us long ago for a better world, but I still keep the memory of her in my heart (and always will) – of a bright person who saw the horrors of the Holocaust, survived it and, despite everything, preserved the purest essence of a person – love and peace.

Since 1935, Pyotr Aronovich Tsargorodsky, my uncle, a native of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, was mobilized into the Soviet Army of the Nikopol District Military Commissariat of the Dnepropetrovsk Region. In 1941 he served as commander of an airfield platoon on the Southern Front. From May 1943 to January 1946, with the rank of captain, he served in Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Austria as part of the 177th separate air transport battalion.  
Awards of Tsargorodsky Pyotr Aronovich: Medal “For the Defense of the Caucasus”; Medal "For Military Merit" 04/11/1943; Medal "For Military Merit" 04/15/1945; Order of the Red Star (For feat in the Battle of Kursk). The Order was presented by M.I. Kalinin in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions!

My mother... When the Great Patriotic War began, she was 19 years old... From Odessa, the family was evacuated to the rear: first to the Urals, then to the Caucasus....
Awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." for hard work on timber rafting in the city of Molotov
(now Perm) and for work on grain procurement in the city of Makhachkala in 1941-1943 during the evacuation from Odessa.
After the war, the family lived in Tiraspol, my mother worked at the garment factory named after the 40th anniversary of the Komsomol almost until the end of the 80s.
In peacetime, she was awarded the medals “Veteran of Labor”, “30 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945”, “40 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945”.

No information

Date of birth 1909
Place of birth Tiraspol
Date and place of conscription Tiraspol RVC, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol district
Last duty station 130 AZSP
Military rank Red Army soldier
Reason for leaving is missing
Date of retirement __.08.1941
Name of the source of the TsAMO report
Fund number of the source of information 58
Inventory number of the source of information 18001
Source case number 1093

No information

served in the Red Army from 1940 to 1946

No information

Date of Birth: 1905 Born in the village of Butory, drafted in Tiraspol Private. Missing

No information

Place of birth of the MSSR, Tiraspol Date and place of conscription __.__.1941 Tiraspol GVK, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol Military rank private Reason for leaving missing Date of leaving __.__.1941 Name of the source of the report TsAMO / 58/18004/1313 ID 67904746

A native of Tiraspol, Moldova. Called in 1941 by the Tarnopol GVK, Tarnopol. Went missing 12.1941. / Book. "Memory is immortal." Chisinau, 2000; TsAMO, f.58, op.18004, d.1313 (SEIVV-7; F10-10-4) (BEM-1) (OBD)

He went through the whole war until the Victory.

No information

Date of birth/Age __.__.1913
Place of birth Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol district, Tiraspol
Date and place of conscription 06/23/1941 Tiraspol GVK, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol
Military rank Red Army soldier
Reason for leaving killed
Date of retirement 05/10/1942
Name of the source of the report TsAMO/58/18
ID 58076280

Date of birth/Age __.__.1906
Date and place of conscription 07/06/1941 Tiraspol GVK, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol
Military rank Red Army soldier
Reason for leaving is missing
Date of departure __.12.1944
Name of the source of the report TsAMO/58/977520/ 335
ID 61026362

A native of Tiraspol (1st row, 2nd from right. North Caucasus, 1942) From the funds of the Museum of Tiraspol

No information

No information

A native of Podoymitsa, Kamensky district, Moldova. Called to Tiraspol, Moldova. Senior political officer, Art. instructor for work among the troops and populations of the enemy of the political department 386 sd.
Went missing 05.1942. /SEIVV; TsAMO, f.33, op.11458, file 744/(SEIVV-11;F11-4-2) (OBD)

Born: Tiraspol, Moldova. Call: Tiraspol RVC. Red Army soldier, electrician, Black Sea Fleet, BO of the Sevastopol Defense. district. He went missing on 3.07.42 in Sevastopol. / TsVMA f.864 op. 1 d.1315 l. 84/

War veteran

My late father Krapchan Mikhail Solomonovich (1920 - 2007) served in the Red Army from 1940 to 1946, he was at the front from the first day of the war, as he served near the border.

He was an anti-aircraft gunner and took part in repelling attacks by enemy aircraft.

Father was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, medals For Courage, For the defense of Stalingrad, For the capture of Koenigsberg, For the victory over Germany.

After demobilization, my father worked in the photo studio of the House of Officers and Voentorg, was one of the best photographers in Tiraspol. I am sure that you will find his works in your family album.

Born on the eve of the Second World War, father Shteiman David died at the front in 1942 in the village of Shakhovo, Kursk region. I spent the war with my mother in evacuation in the Chkalovsky region, the village of Dedovo. After the war, in 1946, my mother remarried and soon after that my brother was born.

After graduating from school in 1957, she entered the Kyiv vocational school. She graduated in 1959. She worked in the sewing workshop of the military department in her hometown of Ovruch.

In 1961 she moved to live in Tiraspol. She worked at the clothing factory named after VS Solovieva. In 1962 she entered the correspondence department of a technological technical school in Chisinau.

  In 1967 she married Klyavber Mikhail Alexandrovich, in 1968 she gave birth to a son. In 1974 gave birth to a daughter.

  Since 1971, she worked at the Electrical Apparatus Plant, where she also completed a six-month course for inspectors.

   In 1976 she moved to work at the factory of individual tailoring-studio "Silhouette". The total work experience is 42 years.

  Having retired, she continued to work at the Moldavian Lyceum in Tiraspol until 2001.

Only a daughter and four grandchildren remained from the family, the brother died in 1992, the son died tragically in 2006.

From the memoirs of Shteiman Anna Davydovna

Porozhnyakova Lidia Sergeevna was born in the city of Feodosia, Crimean region on December 5, 1936. in the employee's family. Father Porozhnyakov Sergey Fedorovich worked as a chief accountant in the port. Mom - Lekhtgoln Etya Moiseevna was a housewife. In the family, Lydia was the only child. During the Second World War, she was evacuated to Tashkent with her mother and grandmother. Already on the second day of the war (June 23), enemy planes appeared in the sky over Feodosia. The main purpose of the air raids was to disable the port. The first casualties and destruction appeared in the city. In the autumn of 1941 enterprises and institutions of the Crimea, civilians were evacuated through the port of Feodosia, military cargo was transported. It took place in difficult conditions: under continuous bombing by German aircraft. There were cases of sinking ships. Lydia's family is lucky.

She graduated from the seven-year plan in 1951. in Zhmerynka. In 1954 she married, in 1955 she gave birth to a daughter, Adele.

In 1955 graduated from the Mining Faculty of the Industrial College in Kamenetz-Podolsk, received the specialty of a mining master. She lived and worked in Ukraine: as a mining foreman, head of drilling and blasting operations, head of a quarry, mechanic and designer at a machine-building plant.

In 1970 she moved to Tiraspol. She worked for 21 years in the UPTK of a construction trust and in ATB-4 as an engineer in the sales department, an economist. She retired in 1991. Veteran of labour. Total work experience of 40 years.

Lidia Sergeevna was a woman with an active life position, visited the Day Center, participated in all events. She loved to give her hobby - knitting to people. Many guests and clients of our community received beautiful knitted slippers as a gift. She will remain in our memory as a person with a kind heart and an open soul.

 Lidia Sergeevna passed away on June 12, 2021.

         Olga Davydovna RAKHOVSKAYA, née GLEYZER, was born on June 4, 1934 in the city of Bobruisk, Byelorussian SSR.

         Father, David Glazer, born in 1905, worked as a shoemaker. Mother, Etya Naumovna Glazer, born in 1900, was a milliner who sewed clothes at home. The family had five children.

         When the Great Patriotic War began, my father went to the front. Olga's older sister, Zinaida Davydovna, was not evacuated along with all her relatives. Became a member of an underground youth organization, was shot with other underground workers in 1942 on the banks of the Berezina River.

         In July 1941, Olga, along with her mother, sister Manya and two brothers, Solomon and Efim, were evacuated to the city of Chust, Uzbek SSR. In 1942, her mother died of typhus. All the children were taken to an orphanage, which was located in the city of Namangan. In 1944, sister Manya dies.

         In the same 1944, their father Davyd came to Namangan. He was commissioned, because. in one of the battles, his arm was torn off. The father told the children that their house in Bobruisk had been bombed, there was nowhere to return, so in 1945 the family moved to Tiraspol. (Olga's father, Davyd, died in 1980).

         In Tiraspol in 1948, Olga Davydovna graduated from a seven-year school.

         Her father is disabled, two younger brothers, hungry years ... Therefore, from the age of 14, Olya began working first in a sewing artel with Schneiderman, then as a postman at the post office, then in a spinning factory.

         In 1956, on a Komsomol ticket, she went to Donetsk, where she worked in a coal mine. Two years later, in connection with the Order on the withdrawal of women from the mine, she returned to Tiraspol. And since 1958, she worked for 25 years on the railway, then from 1984 to 1987 she worked at the Khimzavod as a foundry worker, from where she quit at the age of 53 for health reasons, having received a 2nd disability group. Olga Davydovna's total work experience was 36 years.

           Olga got married in 1961 and has two daughters who live in Tiraspol. (Husband died in 1992).

           Olga Davydovna lived a long and difficult life. Died January 9, 2016. May her memory be blessed!

         Grigory Abramovich GLUSER was born on November 15, 1932 in the city of Balta, Odessa region. Before the start of World War II, he lived with his parents in the city of Tiraspol, MASSR.

         When the war began, he and his mother, born in 1911, were evacuated to the city of Tashkent, the Uzbek SSR. Living in Tashkent took a heavy toll on the boy's mother. She caught a bad cold, fell ill with tuberculosis, became disabled, was constantly ill, and died in 1975.

         In 1941, after the start of the war, Grisha's father, Abram G. GLUSER, born in 1907, was mobilized and sent to the front. In one of the battles, my father was seriously wounded. After treatment in the hospital, having received a disability, he was reunited with his family in Tashkent. After the end of the war, the family returned to Tiraspol in 1945. My father worked all the time as a foreman at a bakery. Died in 1991.

         Grigory Abramovich studied at a school in Tashkent from 1941 to 1945. When he returned with his parents to Tiraspol, he continued his studies at school, and after graduating from the 7th grade, he entered the Odessa Road Technical School. Due to family circumstances, having completed the 1st year of the technical school, he was forced to return home from Odessa.

         In Tiraspol, he went to work at the Kirov plant as an apprentice turner, and after he was awarded a professional rank, he worked at the plant until 1954.

         In 1954, Grigory Abramovich was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army, and in 1957 he was demobilized.

         After demobilization, he worked as a turner at the Tiraspol wine and cognac factory, then moved to the position of a locksmith in the Construction Department No. 6. In parallel with work, he studied in absentia at the Odessa Machine Tool College, which he graduated in 1961.

         From 1960 until his retirement in 1993, he worked at the Electromash plant as a process engineer. Special secondary technical education and accumulated experience for a long time working directly in the workshop of small electrical machines, and then as the head of the technological bureau of the OGT, allowed Grigory Abramovich to study the technology of production of electrical machines and work in an engineering position.

         From 1959 to 1994 he was married to Evgenia Efimovna Fridman. They had two children - a son and a daughter. The son and his family live in Germany, and the daughter lives in Israel.

         Grigory Abramovich was a member of the Hesed Charitable and Cultural Center from the moment of its organization in Tiraspol (until his death).

         Grigory Abramovich died on November 23, 2011. Blessed memory of this great worker!

Valery Dmitrievich ARTYOMOV was born on April 28, 1938 in the city of Tiraspol, Moldavian Autonomous Republic, in a family of employees.

Mother, PAVLOTSKAYA Lyba Shimovna, worked as a technologist at the Tiraspol wine and cognac factory. Father, ARTYOMOV Dmitry Dmitrievich, was born and lived in Tiraspol, and later worked as an engineer on the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal. In 1940, he was transferred as deputy chief engineer to a shipyard in the city of Astrakhan, where he moved his entire family (wife, mother-in-law and two sons) from Tiraspol.

With the outbreak of war, Father Valery Dmitrievich was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army, and in 1942 he died during the defense of the North Caucasus.

In 1942, Valery, together with his mother, grandmother and brother, were evacuated to the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, where they lived until 1944. In 1944 they returned from evacuation to Astrakhan. At the end of the same 1944, my mother and grandmother decided to return to their native Tiraspol.

Valery graduated from school in Tiraspol, and in 1966 he graduated from the correspondence department of a motor transport technical school in the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Was married twice. From his first marriage he has two daughters who live in the Rostov region, in Russia.

Valery Dmitrievich worked at the Electroapparatus Plant and at the Elektromash plant in Tiraspol as a foreman, then as a senior foreman, and then as a site manager. He had a total work experience of 43.5 years.

Unfortunately, this great worker passed away on April 29, 2012.

My father, Roizen Leonid Leontyevich was born on March 11, 1919 in the city of Ananiev, Odessa region. Royzen's father, Leonty Ionovich, worked as a tailor in the Indposhiva artel, and his mother, Sofya Leontievna, was a housewife. There were four children in the family. Two sons and two daughters. As a teenager, Leonid left for Tiraspol, where his older brother already lived and got a job at the May 1 cannery and worked there until being drafted into the army. At the same time he studied at an evening school, where he received a secondary education.

In May 1938, he was drafted into the Soviet army by the Tiraspol city military registration and enlistment office and sent to the Proletarian Division in Moscow in a rifle regiment, where he served until December 1939. In December 1939 he was sent to study at the Smolensk Rifle and Machine Gun School, which he graduated in May 1941 and received the military rank of lieutenant. Until July 1941, he remained at the school as a commander of a machine-gun platoon. Then he was called to the front. Parents and two sisters died at the beginning of the war at the hands of the German fascists during the occupation of the city of Ananiev. He fought as a platoon commander of medium tanks on the Western, Southern Front, Fourth, Second and Third Ukrainian Fronts. Was injured. He finished the war in Czechoslovakia, with the rank of senior lieutenant of the technical troops. For participation in the Great Patriotic War, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War, the Order of the Red Banner, the medals For the Liberation of Prague, For the Capture of Budapest, Vienna, For Military Merit, For Victory over Germany", "For irreproachable service of the 1st degree". While still at the front, he married Zoya Nikolaevna Gushtein.  

After the victory, he remained to serve in the ranks of the armed forces of the USSR. He served in Romania, Hungary, in the Kaliningrad region, on the island of Sakhalin. Had a son and a daughter. He was transferred to the reserve with the rank of major in accordance with the law of January 15, 1960 on a new significant reduction in the Armed Forces of the USSR. From August 1960 he lived in the city of Tiraspol. For more than 30 years he worked as the head of the DOSAAF driving school. The last years of his life he worked as the head teacher of the municipal driving school.

Died December 2, 1996. Buried in Tiraspol.                                                                     

Gershberg Rosita Abramovna was born on 19/11/1931 in the city of Odessa. My father worked as a compositor in a printing house, and my mother was a housewife. When the Great Patriotic War began, my father was taken to the front, and Rosa with her mother and sister were evacuated to the city of Stalingrad. Due to the rapid advance of the Germans, the family had to move further to Kazakhstan, the city of Chimkent. The family remained there until the end of the war. Father died at the front.

In 1945, Rosa with her sister and mother returned to Odessa, and in 1951 they moved to the city of Tiraspol. Here she graduated from the Tiraspol Musical College and the Faculty of Philology of the Tiraspol Pedagogical Institute. She worked as a piano teacher at a music school, gave music lessons to children. Rosita Abramovna's husband was a pediatric surgeon, he worked in the city's children's hospital. This family was known by many in our city. The only son lives in America. This wonderful woman died on May 16, 2010. Very kind, always helping people, an unusually bright person will forever remain in the memory of her students, friends and colleagues.

Bineva Alexandra Beniaminovna (before her marriage Groysman), was born on April 8, 1934, in the city of Tiraspol, to a family of workers. Father Groysman Beniamin Moiseevich, worker-painter, mother Groysman Riva Abramovna-seamstress. There were four children in the family, two sisters and a brother. When the war began, my father was taken to the front, and my mother with four children was evacuated from the city to the Kuban. With the approach of the Germans, we had to evacuate further. So the family got to Uzbekistan, Fergana region, Kuibyshev district, Serov station. In early 1942, news came that my father had died at the front. In the same year, my mother dies and we are sent to an orphanage in the village of Reshtach. We were there until August 1946, until my father's brother, Pyotr Moiseevich Groysman, returned from the front, who found his family and took us to him, where there were his three children. So we returned to our hometown of Tiraspol. I graduated from the 7th grade, typist courses. She worked in the artel "30 years of October", and from 1953 to 1980, she worked in the Tiraspol City Committee of the Komsomol as a secretary - typist, for conscientious work she was awarded the Medal "For Valiant Labor". In 1957 she graduated from nursing courses, received a secondary special education. In the same year she got married and had a daughter. Alexandra Beniaminovna was very fond of writing poetry, she read them at all the events that were held in Hesed. Her classmates at the Day Center, which she attended, especially liked to listen to her. Until now, her poems are kept in the HESED Day Center and reading them, we always remember this wonderful, kind and talented woman.

He went through the whole war from the first to the last day. Defended Odessa and Novorossiysk. Twice he was seriously wounded.

My mother Kalik Fanya Ilyinichna was born on February 27, 1914, in the village of Krasnye Okna near Odessa. She graduated from the Pedagogical College, taught in the elementary grades. Married in 1934 to Markzitser Gersh Abramovich, born in 1909, who was born in the same village in a simple working-class family. In 1940, they moved to Tiraspol, where they bought a house and at that moment they already had two children, a son and a daughter, and lived there before the start of the war. In April 1941, the Tiraspol city military registration and enlistment office called dad for retraining, and in June 1941 the war began and we never saw him again. Accurate information about his death is not known, since some documents reported that he died a heroic death in 1942, and according to other sources, he went missing in 1943. All father's relatives lived in Grigoriopol, and when the Germans entered there, all the Jews were herded into one place and shot there, so my mother, grabbing the little children, immediately decided to evacuate. The path was very long: on carts, on foot, on trains under explosions and bombing, we reached the Dnieper River. Military equipment and soldiers were moving across the bridge, we had to stop. But at that time some people came up to us and shouted: “Why are you sitting, the Germans are about to be here. Mom with two tiny children left everything and rushed to the bridge, thanks to the military, who took pity on a young woman with two children, they were put in a car and transported to the other side, and a few minutes later the bridge was blown up. Thus we remained alive, but without everything. Documents and everything else remained on the other side. As a result, when we finally got to Tashkent, my mother had very big problems with the restoration of documents. We don't have a single pre-military thing left, not a single photograph. Therefore, I never saw my father even in the photo. Mom is a teacher by education, but in Tashkent she went to work as a worker at a factory that produced shells. There were no things, and those shoes that were on her were so worn out that she had to practically walk barefoot. Seeing this situation, the foreman took pity on her and gave her work gloves, which she had to put on top of her boots in order to at least somehow protect herself and not walk barefoot on the ground. Those cards that she was given were not enough, and my brother and I, staying at home alone, often went to the neighbors and asked for bread. For more than three years she worked in a hot shop and carried heavy shells. In 1944, Tiraspol was liberated and we returned home from evacuation, but our house was destroyed and we were given a room in a communal apartment with stove heating, which we were happy with and in which we lived for many years. After the war, my mother worked as a freight forwarder, and then as an accountant at a wine and cognac factory until her retirement. My mother died on December 7, 1988. I often remember this time and understand that my mother, who was thirty years old, was not much easier than those who were on the battlefield ...

Shvartsman Hana Aronovna

Shvartsman Hana Aronovna was born on March 8, 1925 in the city of Bobruisk, Mogilev Region, Byelorussian SSR. Father was a baker, mother was a housewife. The family had five children. Hana had 2 more brothers and 2 sisters. With the outbreak of war in 1941, both brothers went to the front. The older sister and her husband did not have time to leave the city, they ended up in the ghetto, where they were shot. Khana with her mother and younger sister fled from the city to the forest. The flow of refugees was constantly subjected to shelling and bombardment. During one of the bombings, her mother died. Our soldiers picked up the children, took them to some station, put them in a freight car. So they ended up in the Voronezh region, where they worked on a collective farm for 2 months. The Germans continued their offensive and the children were evacuated to the Chkalovsky region (now the Orenburg region). Here the sisters were separated: the youngest was sent to an orphanage, and Khana was sent to tractor driver courses, after which she worked on a collective farm. When the assignment for the study of young people in the FZO came to the collective farm, Khan, of her own free will, goes to study in the city of Sol Iletsk as a plasterer-mason. Works at a construction site. In 1943, Khana left for the city of Kuibyshev, entered the FZO, to study as a turner. After graduating from the FZO, he works as a turner, then as an accountant. After the liberation of Belarus in 1944, she returned to her hometown, where she got a job at the State Bank as a student of a loan officer. The girl is offered to go to study at a financial college in Minsk. Since the scholarship was small, not enough to live on, Hana became a donor. The victory found Hana in Minsk. After graduating from a technical school, Khana works in Bobruisk as a loan officer. One brother of Khana went missing in the war, the second died. My father was seriously wounded and was treated in hospitals for a year, then worked at a military factory. In 1946 Khana gets married and goes to live in Tiraspol, Moldova. In 1947, a daughter was born, who lived only 2 months and the spouses had no more children. Before retiring, she worked as an accountant at the Tkachenko plant, and then in a motorcade. Khana Aronovna was a very sociable person. Had many friends. She cooked very well and loved to treat. Everyone who remembers her still remembers her delicious stuffed fish. And according to her recipe, even now many people bake Napoleon cake, remembering this wonderful woman only with kind words.

                                                                                                    Anyone can become a father, but only a special one becomes a dad...              

                                                                                                                                                     (Immanuel Kant, German philosopher)

I want to share my memories of my dad. His name was Aron Beniaminovich GOLDGAMER. Born on September 1, 1929 in Tiraspol. Father - Beniamin Yulievich Goldgamer, born in 1901 (Before the October Revolution he was a worker, after the revolution he was an employee. Member of the Great Patriotic War, received a disability during the liberation of Tiraspol). mother (housewife) - Golda Nakhmanovna Goldgamer, nee - Koifman, born in 1905

Before the war, he studied at school. When the war began and his father was mobilized, Aron, his mother and younger brother were evacuated to the city of Balkhash, Kazakh SSR.

To help his mother and brother, he went to work as a fitter at the Balkhash copper smelter. He was then 13-14 years old.

After returning from evacuation to his native Tiraspol, he returned to school, in March 1945 he became a member of the Komsomol. After graduating from the seven-year plan in 1946, he entered the Tiraspol medical assistant-obstetric school (FAS), which he graduated in 1949 with a degree in paramedic.

In March 1950 he was drafted into the Soviet Army. And in 1951 he graduated from the courses of lieutenants of the medical service at the Kiev Military Medical School.

In December 1951, he married Maya Yulievna Zekhtser, who studied with him at the FAS. Already together they wandered around the military units, Maya worked as a civilian nurse in hospitals.

In 1956, Aron was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army due to the reduction of this very army.

Together with his wife, they returned to their native Tiraspol. In 1957, Aron graduated with honors from the courses of X-ray laboratory assistants at the X-ray center of the Republican Clinical Hospital in Chisinau and began working in the Tiraspol maternity hospital as an X-ray laboratory assistant.

In 1958, the couple had a daughter, Marina, and in 1961, their second daughter, Irina.

Aron took an active part in medical and preventive work, took part in the competitions of the sanitary squads of the city and the republic. He was the chief of staff of the civil protection of the maternity hospital. And when the People's Theater of Medical Workers was organized in 1967, he became one of its actors. Here are some of the performances in which Aron Beniaminovich took part (sometimes he also played the main roles in these performances):

- "TAIMYR CALLS YOU" (authors of the play K. Isaev and A. Galich);

- "DID YOU PRAY FOR THE NIGHT OF DESDEMONA" (author of the play V.Tendryakov);

- "LATE LOVE" (N. Ostrovsky);

- "SITUATION" (V. Rozov);

- "... AND ETERNAL FIGHT" (M. Saenko and E. Ryzhova);

- "AN UNUSUAL STORY" (E. Braginsky, E. Ryazanov);

- STRANGE DOCTOR (A. Sofronov);

- "PRIZE" (A. Gelman);

- "OGAREVA, 6" (Yu.Semenov).

In 1970, Aron Beniaminovich was awarded the First Degree Diploma “... for creative success and high performing skills at the city festival of theatrical art dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin"...

The premieres of performances were always timed to coincide with the Day of the Medical Worker, and they were staged on the stage of the city theater. The last play, "Ogaryova, 6" was given on the stage of the House of Culture "Sovremennik" ...

After 20 years of work in the Tiraspol maternity hospital, in 1977 he moved to work at the LITMASH plant named after. Kirov, where he worked as a metal cutter, and a boilermaker, and a grinder ...

When Aron Beniaminovich worked in a maternity hospital and at a factory, he always introduced rationalization proposals into his work, for the implementation of which he received small bonuses.

For as long as I can remember, my father never sat idle. Either he made furniture for the home (for example, a dressing table, a kitchen set, stools, chairs ...), then he sawed it, then he planed it, then he assembled tube radios, worked with metal, and repaired televisions. Repairs in the apartment, plumbing - have always been on his shoulders. In our old house he did the steam heating himself. He also wrote poetry and drew a little. He even made me a dress and a raincoat when I was six years old. In a word, he was a master of all trades. And everything turned out great for him. I still can't imagine how he did it all...

Aron Beniaminovich Goldgamer died on February 9, 1997 at the age of 67. We miss him very much.

Margules Irina Berkovna was born on October 1, 1924 in the city of Warsaw in the family of a dentist and a librarian. In 1939, the father dies, and the mother ends up in the ghetto and dies there. Irina stays at home alone; and in order to survive, she had to sell on the market her jewelry, which was left from her parents. So one day the Germans staged a raid on the civilian population, and she ends up in a concentration camp. In the concentration camp, many different checks were carried out in order to identify pregnant women who knew German and others. During one of these checks, Irina was also asked these questions. At that time, Irina already knew German quite well, and this saved her life. Irina began to translate from Polish into German. What exactly caused further events is unknown. It is possible that there were also humane people among the camp workers, or some miracle happened, but one day a doctor took pity on her and put her on the list of pregnant women. And all the pregnant women were released from the camp.

 Later, she could no longer stay at home and she had to go to relatives who helped her get another passport, because if the column “nationality” was written: “Jew”, then the person was doomed. After long wanderings, Irina joins the ranks of the Polish army, where she serves as a typist. Later, there is a meeting with the Russian officer Nikolai Kazyuk, who was sent to help the Polish army. So Irina and Nikolai served together until the end of the war. After the war, Nikolai is recalled to his homeland, and after a while Irina follows him to distant Russia, not knowing a word in Russian. Here, at the age of 23, a new life begins. Without relatives, without knowledge of the language, she learns to live in a new way. In this marriage, they have two children: a son and a daughter. Irina Berkovna lived a decent life, never forgetting her roots. She raised good children, managed to babysit grandchildren, waited for great-grandchildren. Irina Berkovna died on March 13, 2010.

This story is about my grandfather, whose name was Julius Iosifovich ZEKHTSER.

Born in 1904 in the city of Rybnitsa, no more detailed data has been preserved. Father - Joseph Zekhtser, mother - Nechama Zekhtser, nee Vinokur. The father kept a large workshop for the manufacture of horse harness, the mother was a housewife (after all, there were 8 souls of children in the family).

Probably, after the 1917 revolution, the family moved to Odessa. Julia's father, Joseph, most likely, was left without his workshop, the workers fled. In Odessa, he worked somewhere, was an assistant to the rabbi and a chorister in the synagogue. In the autumn, most likely at the end of October 1919, when Joseph was returning home from the synagogue in the evening, he was attacked by raiders from the gang of Mishka Yaponchik. They took the money, took away the coat and hat. He went home in one shirt, caught a bad cold, fell ill and died (most likely from pneumonia or, as they said then, from consumption). He was buried in Odessa at the now non-existent cemetery ...

Julius Iosifovich was the youngest child in the family. The time was hungry, and at the age of 16 he went to work. He followed in the footsteps of his father and also began to work with leather, having gone from a laborer to a commercial director of the Tiraspol shoe and clothing factory...

He began his career in Odessa. But in 1921-1922. great devastation in the city brought famine, therefore, in mid-1922, Yulia moved to live in the village of Peschanka, where in August 1922 he began working as a tanner. He worked as a tanner in the village of Peschanka from August 14, 1922 to May 23, 1924. But even there there was no work, and he returned to Odessa. In Odessa, from 1924 to 1925, Yulia worked at the Second State Shoe Factory. October revolution. And after the liquidation of his workplace, Yulia was transferred to the 7th State Leather Factory in Odessa, where he worked as a laborer. He became a member of the Komsomol, was engaged in propaganda work. Then he was accepted to the First Drive Belt Factory, where he worked from December 8, 1927 to September 5, 1928.

As an active Komsomol member, Yulia was sent to Tiraspol to support the Komsomol organization of the Tiraspol Tannery, where he began working in October 1928.

In 1929, he met his future wife, and despite her disability, he married. In 1931 they had a daughter (My mum).

He was accepted as a member of the CPSU (b). Later, from the communist organization of the Tiraspol tannery, he was sent to Kodyma, where he worked as the Chairman of the Board of the Kodyma Promcredit Partnership for eight and a half months. He returned to Tiraspol to work at a tannery.  

      Then, as a communist and already an experienced tanner, he was sent to organize artels for the production and repair of leather shoes throughout Moldova and part of Ukraine.

      Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Julius Iosifovich worked at the Tiraspol shoe and clothing factory as a commercial director from August 1940 to July 10, 1941. He had a daughter, Maya, and a son, Efim. He did not know that the third child would also be a son who would be born in January 1942 ...

      He was mobilized on July 10, 1941. In the lists of irretrievable losses in the Tiraspol City Military Commissariat, he was listed as a Red Army soldier with a specialty "machine gunner".

      Listed as missing. But according to recently declassified documents, it became known that Julius Iosifovich ZEKHTSER died in September 1941 near Odessa, in Kholodnaya Balka.

... WE WAKE UP AND RUMBLING OVER MIDNIGHT
WHETHER A THUNDER, OR AN ECHO OF THE PAST WAR…

This story is dedicated to the memory of my great-uncle, Mikhail Yakovlevich CHAPLIK.

Misha was born in Tiraspol on February 23, 1921. His parents are CHAPLIK Yankel Aizikovich and Fanya Zinovievna CHAPLIK, nee YASSKAYA. Mother was a housewife, and father was a winemaker and kept a tavern, in which there was an underground Kotovsky turnout. (It just so happened that my great-grandmother Fanya and Grigory Kotovsky were from the same place. And when Kotovsky was arrested for the first time and put in a prison in Chisinau, she carried him a parcel).

Mikhail studied at the "1st Labor School", the current humanitarian and mathematical gymnasium (in the recent past - secondary school No. 6). Mikhail had many friends, but the closest friend was Monya GERSHBERG. They studied music together, both played the violin. (With a great deal of confidence, I can say that Mikhail Yakovlevich was also acquainted with Mikhail Arkadyevich PAVLOTSKY, although he was a year older, but they studied at the same school).

After successfully graduating from school in 1938, Mikhail went to Moscow to enter the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering (MISI). But, having studied for only a year, he volunteered for the Soviet-Finnish war. During the "Winter War" he was frostbitten, he had an enlarged heart, he developed rheumatism. But, in spite of everything, Misha fought until the last day of this war and finished it with the rank of sergeant.

He came to Tiraspol to visit his parents on September 1, 1940.

Despite all the difficulties of the war that he went through, health problems, Mikhail decided to stay in the army and become a regular soldier. To do this, in 1940 he entered the Smolensk Artillery School.

From the spring of 1941 he was in summer camps in the Smolensk region, near the city of Dorogobuzh, where the war found him. Since the beginning of the war, Mikhail has lost contact with his family, friends and relatives. It is only known that since September 1941 he was on the Kalinin front.

By chance, trying to establish contact with acquaintances, on June 5, 1942, he found his parents, who were evacuated to Tashkent. It was a miracle in such a nightmare in which the country was then! By this time, Mikhail Yakovlevich had already been awarded the rank of "senior lieutenant", he was a member of the CPSU, commanded the 3rd division of the 286th Artillery Regiment.

 Gradually, a correspondence began between him and members of his family. Parents were able to find out where and how their son was (although in all letters he wrote: “I still live a fighting life. I feel great.”, it is clear that he simply did not want to worry his parents) . They also did not share much about their life in the rear, although his niece, Maya (My mum) tried to write to him ...

       July 31, 1942 he was awarded the rank of "Captain". Fought on the Kalinin front. On August 10, 1942, he was wounded in a battle near the city of Rzhev and sent to a transit hospital in Torzhok, and then to a hospital stationed in Kalinin for treatment, where he spent more than a month. He had a slight (according to him) shrapnel wound in the shin of his left leg and forearm of his left hand.

        After treatment, Mikhail Yakovlevich was transferred to a new duty station, and in early December 1942, Mikhail was appointed deputy regiment commander.

        On December 23, 1942, an Order was signed to award Mikhail the Order of the Red Star. Here is what was indicated in the Award list:

“In battles from November 25, he was continuously in combat formations with infantry, accompanying it with artillery fire from the division.

        On November 26, 1942, he received an order to raise the lying infantry and lead a decisive attack on Bortniki. With a group of 10 people Bortniki were busy.

        11/27/42 south of Linevo, personally directing the guns, broke 3 bunkers with direct fire.

        11/28/42 at 16.00 they occupied Urdom, organizing a circular artillery there. defense. The division destroyed up to 30 bunkers, an observation post in Bortniki, broke a minbattery. More than 100 people were killed by the Germans.

        For courage, heroism and courage, he is worthy of being awarded the Order of the Red Star ...

        I remember his words (of a man who has not yet turned 22!) from a letter that we handed over for storage to our city museum:

        "...It is now 5 minutes past one, 1/1/43.

        I am sitting in my dugout and remembering you, my friends, with whom I spent my childhood and youth.

        Exactly five minutes ago, I raised a glass of vodka in the circle of my fighting friends, with whom we shared all the joys and hardships together. We proclaimed toasts for the speedy victory over the enemy, for the meeting of the next new year in conditions of peaceful construction, we swore an oath to each other that we would give all our strength, and if necessary, our lives, for our happy, great Motherland.

        My friends are sitting next to me now. We are all young. The oldest of us is 27-28 years old. But, despite our youth, if you looked at us, you would think that people who have lived for more than half a century are sitting in front of you. And you wouldn't be wrong. Our horizons have grown so much that it would hardly have been possible to achieve this under other conditions. Each of us is imbued with one thought - to quickly defeat the enemy, the thought of revenge, revenge and revenge. And we take revenge...)

         In battles (most likely - in the Oryol direction) on July 20, 1943 he was seriously wounded, already in the foot of his right lower leg and right hand.

        According to the Main Directorate of Personnel of the USSR Ministry of Defense dated September 19, 1943, "... the chief of staff of the 276th Artillery Regiment, Captain CHAPLIK Mikhail Yakovlevich, died of wounds on July 24, 1943 and was buried in the fraternal cemetery in the village of Staritsa, Ulyanovsk district, Oryol region."

                                         LIVING IN THE HEARTS OF THOSE WHO ARE LEFT, WE AVOID DEATH…

I dedicate these memories to my mother - GOLDGAMER Maya Yulievna, nee ZEKHTSER.

Maya was born on March 11, 1931 in Tiraspol. Her parents are Julius Iosifovich ZEKHTSER and Godya Yakovlevna ZEKHTSER, nee CHAPLIK. As a child, like all Jewish children, she studied music and played the violin.
The war caught the whole family in Tiraspol, at that time Maya was 10 years old, she had a younger brother and another child was expected. My father was mobilized on July 10, 1941. He was a communist, worked before the start of the war in the Tiraspol shoe and clothing factory as a commercial director. He died in September 1941 near Odessa in Kholodnaya Balka. This became known only recently, when documents began to appear on the Internet on the websites of the OBD Memorial, Memory of the People and the Feat of the People. And so he was listed as missing. (Neither my grandmother nor my mother ever found out about it.).
Maina's family was one of the last to evacuate. Here are her memories of those days:On the night of August 16, 1941, the police went around apartments and houses and warned everyone to leave.
There were few people at the station. Families with knapsacks sat in different places and waited for their fate. On the tracks in different places there were "cars", or rather, platforms of different configurations, but there was no steam locomotive. They barely found an old steam locomotive and began to connect the cars. We still managed to get into one wagon (car) with high sides, but without a roof. Finally we went. On the way to Odessa we were heavily bombed. In Odessa, my aunt and uncle came to the station and persuaded me to stay, but my grandfather did not allow me. He said that we will go to the place where they will take us.
At this time, while we were sitting at the station and waiting for the train, the unit in which dad served returned to Tiraspol. He came home, and the windows and doors were boarded up. Neighbors who still remained talked to him. He is very
cried. If he knew that we were still at the station, maybe once again he
saw...»
The train was repeatedly bombed, sometimes adults who got out of the car for water and food fell behind the train. Finally, with great difficulty, the family reached the North Caucasus, they were sent to the regional center - the village of Kirovskoye. But the Nazis continued their offensive, and the family moved to Pyatigorsk. They lived in Pyatigorsk for several months, and then they had to evacuate further. They were sent to Alma-Ata. Three days at the station we waited for a transfer in Tashkent. But, because Maya's mother was pregnant with her third child and was in the process of being demolished; they never made it to Alma-Ata. Childbirth has begun. We stayed in Tashkent. The child was born weighing more than 4 kg. The birth was difficult. In Main's maternity hospital, the mother contracted typhus, and she and her child were transferred to the infectious diseases hospital. There she caught pneumonia. She was seriously ill, and one day, when Maya and her grandmother came to the hospital, they were told that her mother had died and that she was in the morgue. It was a nightmare for everyone! But it just so happened that in the morgue her mother came to her senses, however, after that she became blind, although the blindness eventually disappeared.
We lived in a mud house, it was very cold in winter. The family has 4 children (Maya is the eldest), 6 adults. Of the adults, only two worked. Then, when Maina's mother got better, she went to work. But the work was not easy and not very monetary, because. to all the “charms” of life, since childhood, mother Maya had one leg in a prosthesis. Therefore, it was Maya who busied herself to a greater extent around the house and with the children. In addition, in Tashkent, she went to school in order to keep up with her peers.
The family returned to Tiraspol from evacuation in 1945. They were lucky, their house turned out to be intact, although strangers lived in it ... Maya finished 7 classes and in 1946 entered the feldsher-obstetric school (FAS). It was the first post-war set. After graduating from the FAS in 1949, she began working in a children's clinic. During her studies, she met her future husband, who also studied at the FAS. Aron GOLDGAMER joined the army after graduating from FAS. In 1951, they got married and left for their husband's place of work. Maya served as a civilian in the military hospitals of Sevastopol, Kamyshin and where her husband served.
After the death of I. Stalin, the army began to be disbanded, and at the end of 1956 Maya and her husband returned to their homeland. In Tiraspol, they had 2 daughters, then two grandchildren… Maya worked in a children's clinic until she retired. Her husband worked for 20 years as a radiologist in the Tiraspol maternity hospital, and then, until his retirement, he worked at the plant named after. Kirov…
Maya has always been an active, cheerful person, read a lot (she had a large library), was interested in archeology, because in her youth she wanted to become an archaeologist, but fate decreed otherwise ...
Heseda took an active part in the work of the Day Center, she sang in the choir, studied in circles. She loved to embroider, made toys, handicrafts and panels from shells, feathers and various improvised materials. There was even a solo exhibition of her work at the Day Center...
Maya Yulievna GOLDGAMER passed away on July 31, 2009.

My father  Gaisinsky Mikhail Abramovich was born on March 22, 1914 in the city of Odessa. Parents died early. He and two other brothers and sister were adopted into different families. Childhood was very difficult. He served in active service in the Pacific Fleet, where the war found him. From Vladivostok, part of it was transferred to the Crimea, from where his father began to fight. For the liberation of the city of Sevastopol, awarded a medal. Next was Odessa and again a medal for her release. During the war years, my father was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" and the Orders of the Patriotic War of the l and ll degrees.

Then there were military actions outside our Motherland. Her father fought in Bulgaria, where he received a medal for her release. My father finished the war in Yugoslavia, where he was wounded and retired with the rank of foreman of the second article. My father was a disabled veteran of the Second World War, group I. After the war, he moved to our city, where he met my mother and they got married. My father worked at the beginning in the field of trade, and then at the garment factory named after the 40th anniversary of the Komsomol.

 Once, my father and I were supposed to fly from the Chisinau airport to Moscow. When the father passed through the metal detector, there was a characteristic sound that there were metal objects. When all the alleged objects were removed and the metal detector did not let up, I remembered that dad had a fragment in his wounded leg (it could not be removed). Airport workers saluted the father and apologized. So in the 70s of the XX century, the war reminded of itself.

My father was a quiet, modest man who loved life. He was very fond of events related to the Victory Parade and took an active part in all city events. In our family, Victory Day is the most important holiday. Dad died on April 16, 1996.

Outstanding athlete, coach and journalist, Master of Sports of the USSR in boxing Boris Lvovich Oikherman. His name is familiar to hardly every Tiraspol resident. For many of us, as well as for the city as a whole, the loss of this tireless and always full of optimism person became an irreparable loss.

A native of Tiraspol, Boris Oykherman was for many years the elder, pillar and conscience of our sport, the keeper of its best traditions, laid down in the already distant Soviet times. He belonged to the generation of war children, growing up in difficult conditions of post-war devastation, where almost all the boys went through a harsh upbringing on the street. Maybe that’s why he chose boxing from an early age and subsequently achieved outstanding success in it.

Having started his sports career in the ring, he became the first boxer - Master of Sports of the USSR in our city. Subsequently, Boris Oykherman would be the most popular boxing coach in Tiraspol, who knew how to cultivate in young men not only physical skills, but also, most importantly, spirit, will, honesty, and nobility.

However, in his youth he still managed to work in production - as a tinsmith at a city industrial plant, and as a grinder at a metal products factory. He was an active Komsomol member. He actively collaborated with Dnestrovskaya Pravda. His first articles covered production topics. Subsequently, he will begin to write about the most important thing for himself - about sports. Yes, so professionally, brightly, enthusiastically that Tiraspol, Moldova, and the entire Soviet Union will receive a new talented sports journalist. His correspondence was sometimes published even in the central press - the newspapers Izvestia and Soviet Sport. And regularly - in his native “Dnestrovskaya Pravda”. By the way, Boris Lvovich was one of the ideological inspirers and organizers of the athletics cross-country race, which is still held annually on the day of the liberation of Tiraspol from the German-Romanian occupation. This nationwide city sporting event is held for the prizes of our newspaper.

In difficult, crisis times, at the turn of the eighties and nineties of the last century, Boris Lvovich worked a lot in administrative positions - in the city sports committee, then in the republican department for youth and sports. It was a conscious choice: when waves of destruction were raging around, he was one of those who tried to preserve what he dedicated his life to - sports. In all its diversity and in the broadest sense - as an important element of a healthy society, as part of patriotic education, even as a philosophy of life.

And for a very long time he continued his journalistic activity, tirelessly covering a variety of sports competitions and events, promoting a healthy lifestyle, calling on his superiors to pay more attention to the problems of sports, and the general public to go to stadiums more often, to engage in physical education and sports. From football, basketball, swimming, wrestling and boxing to reviews of chess tournaments - Boris Lvovich Oykherman was involved in everything, he was competent in everything - wise for years, but with the warm heart of a young man. He was a judge, a spectator, a participant, always ardently interested and not indifferent.

In recent years, B.L. Oykherman was Chairman of the Veterans Council for Sports, Deputy Chairman of the Republican Physical Culture and Sports Society "Mercury". The list of his titles and awards includes Excellence in Physical Culture and Sports of the USSR, Judge of the International Category in All-Around, Honored Activist in Physical Culture and Sports of the PMR, Recipient of the Orders of “Badge of Honor”, “Labor Glory” and much more. The bright memory of Boris Lvovich Oykherman will forever remain in our hearts, and his life will serve as an example of high human dignity and dedication to his work.

Photographer Mikhail Iosifovich Blonshtein, a Tiraspol resident known in professional circles far beyond the borders of his hometown and Transnistria, has passed away.

He was born in 1951 in Tiraspol and began his creative journey at a time when photography was still somewhat akin to alchemy and magic. The very process of the appearance of film photography resembled an act of creation - in the dark, in baths with water and a mysterious mixture of reagents, with precisely calculated flashes of light. Agree, doing something like this seemed exciting and romantic.

Moreover, in the USSR there was an international cohort of photographers, without exaggeration, of world magnitude. Each republic had its own school of photography, somewhat different from the others. There was a constant process of productive creative interaction between them. Mikhail Blonstein himself studied in Moscow with one of the outstanding masters of his time - Alexander Lapin. Well, our fellow countryman received a general cultural base, which only benefits this natural talent, after graduating from the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts.

Working as a staff photographer at the Moldavizolit plant, Mikhail Blonstein, as was customary in those days, went on creative trips around the Union and even abroad, but, by his own admission, the best source of inspiration for him was his native places, familiar from childhood. Mikhail Iosifovich managed to create a huge suite of genre, everyday photographs from the life of Tiraspol with the help of a good old film camera. In the digital era that followed, Mikhail Blonstein, of course, mastered new photography methods, but remained a faithful guardian of the principles of craftsmanship and professional integrity.

Despite the very wide selection of various online training courses on the World Wide Web, until the last moment the younger generations of photographers in Transnistria were drawn to Blonstein, as a living classic. Beginners gladly took lessons from the recognized master, and he gladly took on the mission of a teacher and was always happy to share what he knew. Mikhail Blonstein knew a lot in his business. Evidence of this is victories at all-Union and international competitions, the crystal “Hasselblad” (to this day one of the most prestigious prizes in the world of photography) was solemnly received from the hands of the great photographer of Lithuanian origin Antanas Sutkus.

By the way, several works of our fellow countryman became the property of the Museum of Russian Photography. Not every recognized photographer receives such an honor. This is a sign of high quality under which Mikhail Iosifovich lived and worked. The memory of him - a Master with a capital M - will remain in our hearts and his photographic works, capable of snatching moments of life from the fleeting river of time and making them immortal.

TATEL EFIM ARONOVICH

“...the camp remains with a person forever,
and the soul and memory of a person forever remain his prisoners...” Aron Teitel

...They fled from the Rybnitsa ghetto, where they had been since October 41, in February 44. Half-naked, hungry. There was severe frost and wind. Little brother Petya died on the way. Sarah, with the last of her strength, shoveled away the snow and a thin layer of frozen soil. So they said goodbye to the baby. They were chased with dogs. It seemed that everything was over, but, by a lucky chance, Aron managed to find a narrow section of the Dniester and help the family ford the river in this place. Here they were safe from pursuit and continued on their way. It was still possible to fight the thirst somehow: they drank the melted snow one sip at a time. But hunger slowly and inexorably took away the last of my strength. Aron realized that he would have to leave his wife and little Fimka to turn to the railway station, where he hoped to get at least something edible. He explained as best he could to Sarah where to go next, and they parted. Grandfather saw his father only a month later, as they got lost. And only when the family was assembled, everyone realized that the hell they had experienced on earth was left behind...
Grandfather told how Aron, his father, with heart-aching pain and tears in his eyes, said: “There are no former prisoners; those who survived the ghetto will forever have a severe, unhealed wound on their hearts; the body and brain remembered until the end of their days the smoke of the crematorium, which took their friends, but by some miracle spared their family; the camp remains with the person forever, and the soul and memory of the person remain its prisoners forever...”
So the life of our grandfather Efim was divided into life before the ghetto and after it...
Grandfather was born on March 11, 1936 in Rybnitsa into a family of deaf and mute parents - Aron and Sarah. We didn’t know our great-grandfather and great-grandmother, but grandfather talked a lot about them. For him and his brother Mikhail, who was lucky enough to be born after the war, his parents, in spite of everything, did a lot: they raised them, gave them an education, and brought them into the people.
Sarah was a great dressmaker. Aron sewed shoes and was a furrier. But Efim’s post-war childhood was still half-starved and destitute. The street beckoned like a magnet. Who knows what Fimka’s fate would have been like if it weren’t for Aron and Sarah. Thanks to his father, grandfather learned sign language early and easily communicated with the deaf-mute Aron. But Sarah had not congenital, but acquired muteness, and, it’s not very clear, but she still spoke a little. So, mixed in Yiddish and Russian, Efim learned to communicate with his mother from early childhood, mastering both languages at once. As best they could, parents guided their children on the right path: they warned and demanded, they understood and pitied, they forgave and punished, they helped as best they could and in whatever way they could. Their respect for their parents was endless and unconditional. No, not fear of possible punishment for disobedience, but respect. Sarah and Aaron with all their hearts dreamed of seeing their sons independent, educated, and successful. We tried and fought for the children as best we could. This is probably why no difficulties or adversities prevented my grandfather from finishing school with honors. In 1952, he entered the Marculesti Agricultural College, majoring in accounting in agricultural enterprises. In 1956, he graduated with honors and in the same year entered the Rostov-on-Don Institute of Finance and Economics, majoring in accounting and planning in agriculture.
In age, grandfather was quite a bit older than his classmates. But the difficulties that befell him before his student years forced him to grow up very early and become hardworking, reasonable and, beyond his years, independent and responsible. This was very soon noticed by both students and university teachers. N.A. Zabrodin, who was the rector of this institute when my grandfather’s daughter Margarita studied there, taught with my grandfather in those years and said that Efim was the soul of the student community. He was taken into account and truly respected. His opinion was often decisive in disputes and at moments when important decisions were made. He was often trusted to speak on behalf of students before the university administration. It is not surprising that it was Efim, a Jewish young man from a family of poorly educated, deaf-mute parents, who, already in his first year, in November 1956, was elected to the position of Chairman of the student trade union committee and held it until graduation.
The thought that he should support his parents and help them did not leave him for a minute. Therefore, spending time idly during the holidays was not even in his thoughts. Every summer of 57, 58 and 59, on a Komsomol voucher, grandfather went to Kazakhstan to the areas of development of virgin and fallow lands to harvest crops. And after graduating from the university, he worked as deputy chief accountant of the Rassvet state farm in the Tatsinsky district of the Rostov region. Good knowledge of accounting and organizational skills allowed Efim to provide great assistance to the collective farm in the correct preparation of the annual report, establishing order in accounting on livestock farms and in complex teams of the collective farm.
As at the institute, he actively participated in the public life of this farm: he gave lectures on the analysis of the economic activities of the collective farm, on issues of reducing the cost of livestock products. He was actively invited to other farms in the Tatsinsky district and other districts of the Rostov region with a request to speak on these topics. Already in 1960, the state administration of the Tatsinsky district appointed twenty-four-year-old Efim Teitel as a state agricultural inspector for the acceptance and verification of annual reports of collective farms.
Even then, in 1959, while still so young, Efim very convincingly expressed his assumptions that the fragmentation and disunity of individual farms in the Tatsinsky district was the main reason for the economic, organizational and management difficulties that all collective farms experienced in the post-war years. At the level of the district state administration, he tried to convey his opinion about the need for integration and cooperation of collective farms in each individual area of management. On the importance of making special and targeted government efforts to create not only district, but also regional Associations for mechanization, land reclamation, and electrification in the agricultural sectors of the Rostov region. He said that the time had come to build large livestock complexes and unite enterprises for processing agricultural products, the operation of which could significantly increase the return on investment and the financial and economic result of return on all aspects of activity.
Only in the 70s did what young Efim was talking about acquire wide applied significance and development, and already on the territory of almost the entire Soviet Union.
Due to health reasons, grandfather was released from service in the ranks of the USSR Armed Forces. On this basis, his applications for permission to undergo military training at a university were rejected by the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Rostov-on-Don several times. But, finally, for his active life position, high level of professionalism, personal responsibility and honesty, principled organizational and economic position, he was exceptionally allowed back in 1959 to undergo training at the military department at his university in order to subsequently serve in the quartermaster team at army headquarters. In April 1960, he was awarded the military rank of junior lieutenant of the quartermaster service of the USSR Ministry of Defense, in April 1968 he became a lieutenant, and in August 1977 he retired to the reserve as a senior lieutenant of the quartermaster service.
In the fall of 1960, grandfather returned to Tiraspol and, by invitation, from 1960 to 1964 he worked on the “Moldova” collective farm in the village of Korotnoye, Moldavian SSR, as a senior economist, and from 1964 to 1971, as the chief economist of this collective farm. .
By the age of 65, he and his wife Lydia were already raising two daughters. From 1972 to October 1976, grandfather worked as an engineer-economist in RSU-1 in the city of Tiraspol and became the author of a number of officially adopted rationalization proposals for the development and implementation of an unemployed wage system in RSU-1. Efim’s interest in working in agriculture never leaves him. From '74 to '76, he combined work at the RSU with the position of head of the planning and financial service of the Livestock Production Association of the Slobodzeya Collective Farm Council. This position gave him the opportunity to realize his long-standing dream of participating in the development of agriculture in his homeland within the framework of effective and very promising vectors for integration and intensification at that time. Then, with their leader V.V. Volchansky, they started this path practically from scratch. Much was problematic, incomprehensible, raising doubts, and, above all, among the peasants. It was not easy for people to understand and believe that the change from collective farm property to the property of the Association of Collective Farms would actually preserve and increase their well-being. In the farms of the Slobodzeya region, grandfather was well known and respected. Efim Aronovich was invited to help with clarifications of economic issues and disputes, and they came for advice. His opinion was listened to when making decisions during difficult periods for farms. In July 1977, Efim Aronovich headed the economic service of the Association for Mechanization and Electrification of Agricultural Production of the Slobodzeya Council of Collective Farms. The desire for professional growth prompted the need to continue education. So, in 1986, grandfather successfully graduated from the Republican Higher School of Agro-Industrial Complex Management with a degree in management, organization and planning in the agro-industrial complex.
In the 90s, a lot changed in the Soviet Union. In the 90s, grandfather became the director of Sozidatel LLC in the village. Slobodzeya. In February 2006, he was invited to the position of head of the Holocaust Program at the HESED Charity Center in the city of Tiraspol. From September 2006 to May 2013, he was the permanent Chairman of the Jewish Community of the city of Tiraspol. Efim Aronovich has many glorious deeds to his name, including the monument to the victims of the Holocaust, which was erected in the city of Tiraspol; The great work to improve the Jewish cemetery is also his merit. 
On April 10, 2000, grandfather was presented with the Memorial Badge “Veteran of the War of 1941–1945.”
Efim Teitel was awarded two state awards:
• Medal “60 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941 –
1945" (July 7, 2004);
• Order of Labor Glory (March 9, 2011).
…On May 9, 2013, he gathered his last strength to go to the Victory Parade, take part in the laying of flowers at the Memorial of the Fallen, and sit with prisoners and veterans on the traditional Dugout.
And on May 16, 13, we saw off grandfather on his last journey...
His whole life was a struggle. First, the struggle for the right to survive, then for the right to live, giving back to parents, family, work, people. A very important work of his life was the desire to teach about the Holocaust. He joyfully and with great responsibility used every opportunity to meet with any audience within the walls of the Museum in the Synagogue of our city. Such meetings with young people were especially significant for him. Grandfather always tried to convey to the minds and hearts of young people the idea that it was up to them to ensure that fascism, the Holocaust and any other manifestations of genocide and national hatred never again brought suffering to anyone.
It is noteworthy for us that for part of his life my grandfather was the leader of the Jewish community of Tiraspol. He fought for the safety of the Synagogue in our city and throughout all the years of his selfless and free service to the Community he was the curator of the Holocaust Museum.

As members of his family, it is important for us to see that my grandfather’s participation in history and in the life of the Jewish Community is recognized and appreciated. It is very important for us that he will remain in the memory of those who were dear to him, and those who will carry this memory, lessons and joy of communicating with him, immeasurable gratitude to him for his mentoring, help and support throughout their lives.

With fond memory and gratitude
to our relatives and friends who survived the war and the ghetto -
Alexander Navarich and Stanislav Teitel (Navarich)
– grandchildren of Efim Aronovich Teitel

Autobiography.
“I, Chebanyuk Vladimir Fedorovich, born in 1921. Before the war, I lived with my mother Schwartz Sonya Davidovna in Odessa. I don’t know my father; I grew up without him. He spent his childhood and youth in Odessa. And since I was born in March 1941, when I turned 20 years old, I was drafted into the army. There was very little time left before the Great Patriotic War. The war has begun - I am a soldier. They wanted to train me to be an officer, but I was illiterate. Why? Yes, because I grew up without a father. Mom had two of us. Me and my younger brother David. He started working very early - at the age of 13 in hazardous work. He was a galvanizer, but he made very good money. He was to some extent the breadwinner of the family. Mom worked part-time and raised David, who was 5 years younger than me.
In March 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. From Odessa I was sent to serve in Dnepropetrovsk. When the war began, I was in summer camps in the city of Nikopol. In July 1941, our military unit was loaded onto vehicles and taken to the Dnieper River to defend the city of Zaporozhye. On September 29, 1941, he was wounded and captured near the village of Nikolaevka. And it was like that. We were sent on reconnaissance for the “language”, and Italian units were stationed there: we were on one side of the Dnieper, they were on the other. I was wounded, and, covered in blood and practically dying, they did not take me to the camp and threw me out of the cart onto the road, because they thought that I would not survive. I was picked up by local old men Grigory Titovich and Evgenia Davydovna Kravchenko. They left me.
In May 1942, he was caught in a raid and sent to Germany. I ended up in the village of Dallmin and worked for the owner. There was a large farm there - a butter and cheese factory, a pigsty, a cowshed, construction was underway on the railway, where we worked. At first we were placed in a stable, and then a barracks were built in which we slept directly on the cement floor. There were 30 of us from Ukraine and 40 people from Poland. For the slightest offense we were punished and beaten with a whip or a piece of hose until we bled. I tried to escape twice and was caught twice. Once the clerk wanted to hit me with a stick, I put my hand up to avoid the blow and the stick ended up in my hand. For this, the policeman who arrived took me to prison in the city of Perleberg. I stayed there for one month. We sawed wood. We received 300 grams of bread per day. This was in September 1943. From Perleberg I was transferred to the city of Witenberg, where I was kept for one month, after which I was transferred to Potsdam. Here we had to sleep on the cement floor completely naked. Lights out at 18:00, wake up at 6:00. There are 20 people in the shower at once. This was in November. First they turned on almost boiling water and immediately cold water. We ran back to the cell to put on our shirt and trousers and get at least a little warm. There were 120 people in the cell; they had to sleep on their left side, hugging each other tightly to keep warm, since they slept naked. If anyone spoke or screamed, they sprayed them with cold water from a hose. There were no windows in the cell, only bars. In the last days of November in 1943, 120 of us were taken to the Grosburn camp. Here there was another “pleasure” - they raked out handfuls of lice and for a month and a half they could not even wash their face. Here the rules were different: lights out at 20:00, rise at 6:00. On the square in the cold, check at 8:00 and go to work - unloading cement and lime. This is how I experienced all the “delights” of prisons and camps. My personal file was in Potsdam prison. Here is this photograph and my number - 1704. This personal file followed me from prison to prison and back to Dallmin, where I spent a total of 3 years as a laborer. Besides this, I was always in danger of being discovered as a Jew. I myself don’t know how I stayed alive...
On May 2, 1945, it was liberated by Soviet troops. In early June 1945, when I was traveling from Germany to the USSR, to the city of Grodno, I went through a filtration camp and returned to the same village from where I was deported to Germany. I lived in this village until 1947.
Afterwards I returned to Odessa. Our apartment in Odessa was no longer there, and neither were our things. In 1947, when I received a passport in Odessa, I asked that Jew be written in the “nationality” column, but they cursed me and wrote Ukrainian. So, being a Jew, I write myself as Ukrainian. In 1948, I came to Tiraspol to visit my cousin and stayed here forever. In Tiraspol, I accidentally met a man who told me that he knew my mother and that he personally brought her to Odessa. That's how I found my mother. During the war she was in Romania in the ghetto. There she was led three times with a group of Jews to be shot, but she managed to escape, and she also took other people’s children with her.
In 1960, I went to evening school, and then to a technical school, to get at least some education, since my lack of education always hindered me. He married a Jewish girl and lived with her for 52 years. I have two children: a son and a daughter. He retired after working in one place for 41 years.”

Zabasina Mina Aronovna (née Vayserman) was born on September 9, 1934 in the town of Chechelnik, Ukrainian SSR, Vinnitsa region. She lived with her brother in a complete Jewish family, where her father, Vayserman Aron Usherovich, was the first secretary of the district party committee, and her mother, Vayserman Sura Aizikovna, was a dressmaker.
The Great Patriotic War began. Several dozen Jewish families managed to evacuate from Chechelnik. But not all. All the men from Mina Aronovna’s large family were mobilized to the front: her father, six of her mother’s brothers, her grandfather, and the husbands of her mother’s sisters. There are 17 people in total. All of them did not return from the war: they died at the front, were tortured in captivity, and went missing. My father was a political instructor and died in 1942 near Staingrad. At the memorial of Chechelnikov soldiers who fell in the Great Patriotic War, more than half of the list consists of Jewish surnames.
With the arrival of the German invaders in the village of Chechelnik in early July 1941 and until 1944, the six-year-old girl Mina, along with her mother, brother, grandmother and aunt with her children, found themselves in a ghetto specially created for Jews. With the help of policemen, the Germans and Romanians drove all the Jews out of their houses and drove them into barns. Those who were unwanted and dissatisfied were shot. The Romanian occupation forces ordered all Jews to move into the ghetto. It housed about a thousand Jews of Chechelnik, as well as Jews from the villages of the Chechelnitsky region. In the fall of 1941, more than a thousand Jews deported from Bessarabia and Bukovina arrived in the ghetto.
The ghetto in Chechelnik was of an open type. But for leaving it there was a threat of execution. This place was guarded by collaborators - Ukrainian police. By order of the Romanian gendarmerie, Jews were sent to forced labor at a railway station, a sugar factory, and in the fields. Some of the prisoners were sent to Nikolaev to build bridges. Inside the ghetto, 4-5 families were settled in each house, forced to live in extremely cramped conditions without sewerage and in the complete absence of medical care. Typhoid and other infectious diseases raged in the overpopulated ghetto, causing the death of about half of its inhabitants. The main food was potatoes, secretly exchanged for clothes and other valuables from local peasants. Many families had acquaintances among the peasants who saved them from hunger.
According to Mina Aronovna, in their ghetto everyone, without exception, was forced to work from early morning until late evening - they sorted vegetables in the fields in winter. We fed everyone once a day with a soup made from vegetable peelings. "... The Germans came and told us to get ready. In the camp they beat and killed. I was a child, I was sick, I couldn’t walk, I was lying down. And besides the fact that the Germans mocked us, the Romanians also came to us. At night they raided us , kept us in fear. They killed my grandmother and aunt. My mother's teeth were knocked out with the butt of a rifle, my brother's fingers on his right hand were crushed. We were dying from exhaustion, hunger, cold, and infectious diseases. I suffered from typhoid and furunculosis. My whole body was covered with boils, which left permanent scars... An underground Jewish group operated in the ghetto, which had connections with the area's underground fighters and partisans. It was called the “partisan Jewish link.” The underground group was headed by Isaac Granovsky - he was the named son of my grandmother. My brother was also a partisan. This house (ghetto) stood on a hill, there were underground passages, and at night the partisans came, sometimes they fed us. The youth who were in the ghetto, at night through these passages carried out the tasks of the partisans. For example, when they were driven to work, they saw where everything was located, what objects, what weapons, and reported this to the partisans."

Isaac Granovsky, on instructions from a representative of the partisan headquarters, united disparate groups of underground fighters and intensified their activities. In February 1943, he organized a resistance group in Chechelnik, which included 22 people. In the fall of 1943, fearing arrest, Granovsky joined the partisan detachment,” says Mina Aronovna in her biography already in 2010. She sometimes plunged into her distant childhood memories and relived those terrible events of the four years spent in the Jewish ghetto. She could not remember without tears and pain.
In total, from July 1941 to March 1944, up to one and a half thousand people were tortured, killed, died of hunger and disease in the Chechelnitsky ghetto, according to former prisoners. Although according to the Chechelnitsky District Council (Rada) - more than 500 people. They are buried in a mass grave in the Jewish cemetery, which is located two kilometers from the center of Chechelnik. In the Yad Vashem Museum of the Holocaust and Heroism of the Jewish People in Jerusalem, the name of the ghetto in Chechelnik is carved into the valley of the dead communities.
Mina Aronovna and her mother managed to survive that hell. In March 1944, units of the Red Army liberated Ukraine from the German occupiers, and after the end of the war, a hungry post-war childhood began. Until 1952, Mina Aronovna lived and studied in her native Chechelnik. After graduating from high school, I went to study in Moldova. She entered the Bendery Medical School. At the end of it, she remained to live in the city of Bendery. Here she met her husband, got married, and gave birth to two sons. Overall, she lived a decent life. She worked in a maternity hospital and kindergarten for 50 years.
In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 63 of the Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Decree of the President of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic “On state awards of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic” for significant contribution to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, active participation in the military-patriotic education of the younger generation and in connection with the 75th th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945. decided: to award Mina Aronovna Zabasina with the anniversary medal “75 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 – 1945.”
 Date of death of Mina Aronovna Zabasina 06/22/2020

During the Great Patriotic War, in the republics of the former Soviet Union there was not a person, there was not a family that was not affected by the hard times of war. People of all nationalities, ages and genders stood up to defend the Motherland. They say that war “does not have a woman’s face.” However, life was harsh - on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, women often fought and worked equally with men and made a great contribution to the cause of Victory. During the war, women served in a wide variety of troops. Most of the women were, of course, among the medical personnel. In all units and divisions of the active army there were soldiers of the health service, ready at any time to come to the aid of the wounded. The working day of doctors and nurses in medical battalions and front-line hospitals often lasted several days. During sleepless nights, medical workers stood relentlessly near the operating tables, and some of them carried the dead and wounded to the battlefield on their backs. And this story is about our compatriot - precisely about such a small, fragile and at the same time courageous and persistent woman.
Raisa Efimovna Klichinskaya was born on April 14, 1926 into a Jewish family in the city of Bendery. Graduated from 4th grade of the Romanian School; and at the age of 13 she began studying to become a seamstress. In 1940 she continued her studies at a Soviet school. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, her family was evacuated to the Rostov region. Then, when the front was approaching, they were again evacuated to the Stalingrad region, Podtelkovsky district, the village of Slashchevka, where the Evacuation Hospital stood. Just a girl at the age of 16, Raya voluntarily began working in this hospital, since there were a lot of wounded and the medical staff could not cope. During the war years, she worked her way up from a nurse to a nurse in a surgical department. With this hospital, the young nurse Raechka went through a long and difficult military journey: Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Germany. Having experienced all the horror of war: wounds, blood, dirt, suffering of people, death, which left a deep mark and imprint for life, nurse Rechka did not break - she stood, survived. For courage and dedication, for her heroic work, for her contribution to the victory, Raisa Efimovna Klichinskaya was awarded many orders and medals; including the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree, medals “For Victory over Germany” and Zhukov. The happiest and most exciting day in her life is Victory Day, which found her in the German city of Dresden. The feeling of joy was indescribable. Tears of happiness blurred my eyes. After Victory Day, Raisa Efimovna’s hospital was sent to the city of Prague, where, on the way through Poland, they picked up sick, wounded, tortured people, former prisoners of fascist concentration camps, among whom there were many patients with tuberculosis and other serious infections. After the hospital was disbanded in 1946, Raisa Efimovna worked in the medical unit of the flight unit in Vienna. After working in Vienna for 2 years, only six years after the evacuation, she mobilized to her hometown of Bendery, where she got a job at a clothing factory, which is now called the Vestra clothing company. In 1951, Raisa Efimovna got married. The marriage produced a son. She retired in 1981. From the very founding of Hesed, Raisa Efimovna was an active volunteer, participated in public life, and attended all clubs and events. The owner of a keen ear for music and a beautiful voice was the soloist of the Golden Autumn choir. She kept in her memory many folk Jewish songs, as well as songs from the war years. Until the very last days, maintaining optimism, faith in people, goodness; Klichinskaya Raisa Efimovna died on January 30, 2020.

Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Arkadyevich Pavlotsky was born on February 5, 1922 in Tiraspol into a Jewish family of an employee. Parents: Arkady Leibovich and Sura Pavlotsky.
He graduated from school No. 6 in Tiraspol (today a humanitarian and mathematical gymnasium). His childhood and youth were spent in his hometown. After graduating from ten classes, Mikhail entered the industrial institute in Odessa. However, the further he went, the more his thoughts became occupied by his military career. Soon, freshman Pavlotsky is transferred to a military school.
     In 1940, Mikhail was drafted into the Red Army. In 1941 he graduated from the Leningrad Military Infantry School. In the active army - since May 1942 as chief of communications of the 62nd anti-aircraft regiment. He received his baptism of fire near Leningrad. He fought on the Volkhov, Leningrad, Bryansk, and Central fronts.
During the fighting, Captain Mikhail Pavlotsky showed himself to be a heroic and brave officer. While commanding a battalion near the Desna River, near the village of Obolonye (Chernigov region, Ukraine), Captain Pavlotsky’s subordinates destroyed enemy troops superior in strength and number and dealt him a crushing blow. Only by their personal example and fearlessness did they withstand the onslaught of enemy troops and complete the task assigned to the detachment. During the Battle of the Dnieper, Mikhail Pavlotsky served as assistant chief of staff of the 360th Infantry Division of the reconnaissance group. It was his detachment that was able to take a bridgehead, as well as provide adequate fire cover for the safe crossing of the Soviet regiment. Even with a wound, Captain Pavlotsky did not stop leading the battle, which lasted two days, repelling enemy attacks. His unit methodically repelled attacks by enemy troops and military equipment until help arrived.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 16, 1943, for heroism shown during the crossing of the Dnieper near the village of Komarin, Braginsky district, Gomel region, Mikhail Arkadyevich Pavlotsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. Among the awards of Mikhail Pavlotsky are the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Star and medals.
Member of the CPSU since 1945, since 1946 - the major was transferred to the reserve with the rank of major, after which in 1958 he graduated from the Higher School of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Until 1964 he served in the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He retired to the reserve with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
In the 60s M.A. Pavlotsky came to Tiraspol and met with students from his native 6th school.
The Hero of the Soviet Union died on June 3, 1999 in Kyiv. In his hometown of Tiraspol, his name is immortalized on a memorial plaque installed on the building of the humanities and mathematics gymnasium, from which he graduated.

Lyudmila Vasilievna Yavtukhovich was born on August 31, 1923 in Tomsk into the family of an employee. Lyudmila's mother is a Polish Jew. Due to the ban of the Soviet regime, Jewish traditions were not observed. But Lyudmila remembers how her mother made matzah and stuffed fish on Passover.

In 1937, the family was repressed and moved to Novosibirsk, where Lyusya entered medical school, which she graduated in 1940 and worked as a paramedic. There she learned about the beginning of the war and was drafted by the Novosibirsk military registration and enlistment office to the front. Throughout the war she was a paramedic in hospitals. In 1943 she married Rynkov Miron Isaakovich, a Jew. She served in a medical battalion on the front line, as a medical service lieutenant. Front-line newspapers wrote about her, she was awarded the medal for Victory over Germany, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st and 2nd degree. medal for the liberation of Poland, then numerous anniversary medals. She ended the war in the Polish city of Liegnitz, where she served with her husband in a military hospital.

In 1949, at the place of service of her husband Miron Isaakovich, Rynkova moved to Tiraspol, where her daughters Olga and Irina were born. She worked as a senior laboratory bacteriologist at the SES. During her lifetime, she had 4 grandchildren and granddaughters. She was an active pensioner, attended Hesed, studied various programs of the Day Center, met with gymnasium students, and communicated on the Internet with friends from the front. She passed away at the age of 90 due to a serious illness on April 28, 2013.

  Shlema Abramovich was born on December 27, 1919 in the city of Dubrovno, Vitebsk region in the Belarusian Republic, into a family of workers. After graduating from high school, he worked as a student and then as a mechanic at the Dneprovskaya Manufactory weaving factory.

In 1939 he was drafted into the army. From 1939 to 1940 he studied at the tank technical school. At the school he was awarded the rank of sergeant major. The Great Patriotic War found Helma Abramovich on June 22, 1941 on the western borders of the country, already an experienced, well-trained and prepared tank warrior, with two years of experience of service in the Red Army behind him. Shlema was on the border with Finland. He took part in battles on the Karelian, Kalinin, North-Western, Second Baltic, and First Ukrainian fronts. He went through the war from its very beginning to its victorious conclusion. And he had the opportunity to experience the bitterness of defeat, great losses and retreats in the first period of the war. Having become an officer in the Red Army, with his personal example and courage he inspired his subordinates to perform feats in the name of victory. He took direct part in the hostilities, with the exception of the time spent in military hospitals due to wounds.
The last battle was on May 9, 1945 for the liberation of the capital of Czechoslovakia, Prague. Helma Abramovich ended the war with the rank of guard captain. He was wounded three times. Awarded: Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, four military orders, 15 medals of the Soviet Union, and the medal “50 Years of the State of Israel.” Despite all the difficulties, Shlema Abramovich was a kind, caring, modest, sympathetic and shy person. It was these people who did everything possible and impossible to save humanity from the enslavement of fascism.

After leaving the armed forces, he worked at various enterprises in the city and until the end of his life, Shlema Abramovich lived in Tiraspol. In peacetime, there is also a place for heroes and exploits. By decree of the President of the PMR in 2001, Gaubman Shlema Abramovich, chairman of the religious Jewish community of the city of Tiraspol, was awarded the medal “For Labor Valor” for his services in spiritual and moral education, strengthening the unity of the people of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
We were lucky to know the hero during his lifetime - he was a participant in the Day Center program in Hesed Tiraspol.
Gaubman Shlema Abramovich died on April 24, 2009.

  Faina Izrailevna was born on April 27, 1918 in Ukraine, Mykolaiv region, Krivoozersky district, the village of Krivoye Ozero. In 1923, her father died, and Faina was raised by her mother herself. Jewish holidays and traditions were observed in the family. My parents attended the synagogue. Faina Izrailevna read, wrote and spoke Yiddish. In 1931, Faina and her mother moved to live in Odessa, where Faina graduated from accounting courses. In 1936, Faina moved to live in Tiraspol, where she worked as an accountant.
  At the very beginning, the Germans shot my mother, and Faina was evacuated from Tiraspol in a wagon with coal. Like many other citizens from the frontline areas, having taken some belongings, almost dying on the way under the bombing, she was evacuated deep into the country, where a system of defense enterprises was being created. But many women could not sit in the rear, and in 1942 Faina Albul joined the Red Army. She graduated from military courses for junior commanders. She served in the anti-aircraft unit of the Karelian Front. Such trials befell this fragile woman, like a winter cold, off-road, swamps. It was necessary not only to survive in these difficult conditions, but also to fight on one of the most important fronts. Continuous bombing, shelling, attacks by fascist sabotage groups - all this had to be reflected by the calculation of anti-aircraft artillery installations in which Faina Izrailevna served in combat. It was difficult to understand how this fragile, pretty woman managed to endure all the hardships and hardships of the war, but she withstood, survived and won. For military merits during the war years and participation in the defeat of the Japanese army in the Far East in the summer of 1945, Faina Izrailevna Albul was awarded many military awards and gratitude from the Supreme Commander. The war ended for her in Japan.
  After the end of the war, she returned to live in Tiraspol. In 1945 she got married. Faina worked as an accountant. She left behind two children: a son and a daughter. Faina had a large library, and she loved to read to a ripe old age. Faina Izrailevna has always been a very active woman, attended all events held by Hesed and participated in public life until her last days.

The daughter Sakovskaya Nina Yakovlevna tells about her father, Yakov Elikovich Shmukler.

My dad lived all his life, with the exception of wartime, in Bendery. Here he was born on June 3, 1921, he was very famous in the city, enjoyed universal respect. According to the Jewish tradition, they began to teach him from the age of five - at first a teacher studied with him, then the boy went to a cheder, at the same time he studied at a Romanian school. His father fell ill with tuberculosis and, in order not to infect loved ones, left the family when Yasha was ten years old, and died very early. And this influenced the rest of my father's life.

He completed four grades and entered a commercial school. He studied very well, had great abilities. But he had, from the age of thirteen, to support his family himself, there was nothing to pay for further education. Therefore, having studied for only two years, he was forced to leave the commercial school and act as a clerk in a shoe store. Yasha quickly made progress, was in good standing and in practice mastered the profession of an accountant. With the outbreak of war, he evacuated with his mother and sister, and in the North Caucasus he was called to the front. But he did not stay in the army for long (although he was awarded the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"): he fell ill with malaria, he was demobilized and transferred to the labor front. For some time he worked in Tajikistan, and then, until the end of the war, on the construction of the West Siberian Railway. In April 1946 he returned to Bender with his family.

He married in Siberia, his mother, Anna Efimovna Sulgina, a Russian woman, was also mobilized for this construction site. They met there, and my older brother was born there. In general, dad remembered well the life of the pre-war Benders, not to mention the post-war period, his memoirs were often published in various local newspapers, then they were published in a separate book "I'll tell you about all the Benders."

After the war, my father worked as an accountant in various organizations and enterprises. Already in the 60s, a solid family man, he graduated from evening school and in absentia with honors from the planning and economic technical school. And he retired from the post of chief accountant of a large cannery.

As a child, he attended a cheder, and it was then that he read the Torah in Hebrew. And towards the end of his life, he consciously returned to religion and became the cantor of the Bendery synagogue. In 2001, father, as the cantor of the Bendery synagogue, was awarded the medal "For Labor Valour". As stated in the certificate, "For merits in the matter of spiritual and moral education, for strengthening the unity of peoples." He always held services, read prayers and sang not only during the holidays, but at all rallies in memory of the victims of the Holocaust. The Pope steadily fulfilled his duties literally until the last days of his life, he never refused anyone if people wanted to perform any rite. He managed to wait for four great-grandchildren.

He died in 2006, at the age of 85. Both my children and my grandchildren know what a wonderful person Yakov Elikovich Shmukler was. I have kept all the documents and numerous certificates of honor of different years and I want my descendants to know what a worthy person he was. In the Hesed Day Center of Tiraspol there is a small stand dedicated to the Pope. I am very proud of my father and I am glad that the memory of him lives not only in the family, but also among the people who knew and respected him.

Born October 28, 1900 Ukrainian SSR, Zhytomyr. - Soviet military figure, brigade commissar, colonel. He graduated from the cavalry KUKS, cavalry school, military-political courses at the Kyiv United Military School. Member of the Bolshevik Party since 1920

• Since 1919 - in the Red Army - suppressed uprisings in the Caucasus. Member of the Civil War, Red Army soldier of the cavalry reconnaissance of the 30th rifle regiment of a separate squadron of the 77th rifle division since 1920. In the future, assistant platoon commander since 1923.
• Since 1924 - platoon commander of the 3rd Caucasian cavalry regiment, platoon commander of the 13th cavalry regiment of the 3rd Bessarabian cavalry division, political instructor of the squadron, executive secretary of the party commission since 1934.
• Since 1935 - Assistant Commander of the 2nd Cavalry Artillery Regiment for political affairs.
• Since 1936 - assistant commander of the 8th Corps Artillery Regiment for political affairs. Military commissar (military commissar) of the 100th Infantry Division since 1937. Brigadier Commissioner.
• During the war with Finland - military commissar of the 100th Infantry Division of the 15th Army. From 1939-1940 he liberated Belarus, fought with the White Finns.
• Since 1941, he was a member of the highest staff of the Red Army, deputy commander of the 14th rifle corps of the 9th army of the Odessa military district for political affairs (military commissar of the 14th rifle corps).
• During the defense of Odessa, he was a military commissar of the 421st Infantry Division, which defended one of the sectors of the Odessa defensive region on the coast.
• From 1942 to 1943 - political officer of the 9th Guards Corps.
• Since 1942 - Colonel.
• From 1943 to 1949 - head of the political department of the 9th Guards Rifle Corps.

Awards:

• Had 11 thanks from Stalin. He was awarded 5 Orders of the Red Banner of War and two Orders of Lenin.
• Medal: "For the Capture of Berlin", Medal: "For the Defense of Odessa", Medal: "For the Defense of Sevastopol", Medal: "For the Liberation of Warsaw", Order: "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945", Order of the Red Star.
• In 1982 he was included in the "Golden Book" of honorary citizens of the MSSR. Marked in the book "Pridnestrovie in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." dismissed by the colonel as head of the political department of the rifle corps.

Lived and died in Tiraspol on August 22, 1991. He was buried at the Far Cemetery, on the Walk of Fame.