Evdokia Vasilievna Reznicenko (Golik) in Bessarabia. 

Grandmother Dora occasionally spoke about the dark years of the Romanian-German occupation of Bessarabia. 

The small village near Chisinau where my grandmother's family lived witnessed the tragedy of the Shoah. The Jews who had lived there for generations were taken away, sometimes by deception and sometimes by force, to certain death. My grandfather's native place, Causeni (Causani), where before the war every second resident was Jewish, was deserted after the Nazi invasion, becoming a silent monument to lost lives.

My father was born in 1944, my grandmother recalled with a smile: "I gave birth out of fear at the very first artillery salvo." I often asked her how she and my grandfather managed to survive those terrible years when the Einsatzkommandos methodically combed every corner of Moldova in search of Jews. My grandmother invariably answered that they were saved by the timely destruction of personal documents and that the archives with information about the family were probably evacuated before the Nazis arrived. 

But the main factor in their salvation was the silence of the locals. Despite the fact that the family was well-off, owned land and cattle, they always treated their workers with respect and kindness. This humanity in a difficult hour turned into gratitude in return - no one in the village gave them up to the Sonderkommandos.

After the war, Dora became the guardian of family traditions, trying to pass on Jewish culture to us, our descendants. Grandmother spoke Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian, Yiddish, Bulgarian. Grandfather, by the way, also spoke Romanian fluently.

Although Grandma Dora is long gone, her bright image will always remain in my heart. She was the embodiment of fortitude, having gone through the horrors of the Holocaust and yet retaining the very essence of humanity - the ability to love and bring peace. Her life became an example for me of how even in the darkest times one can preserve the light within oneself and pass it on to future generations. 

Since 1935, Petr Aronovich Tsargorodsky, my uncle, a native of the Moldavian ASSR, was mobilized into the Soviet Army of the Nikopol District Military Commissariat of the Dnepropetrovsk Region. In 1941, he served as an airfield platoon commander on the Southern Front. From May 1943 to January 1946, with the rank of captain, he went through Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Austria as part of the 177th separate air transport air-based battalion.  
Awards of Tsargorodsky Petr Aronovich: Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"; Medal "For Military Merit" of 11.04.1943; Medal "For Military Merit" of 15.04.1945; Order of the Red Star (For the feat in the Battle of Kursk). The order was presented by M. I. Kalinin in the Column Hall of the House of Unions!

My mother... When the Great Patriotic War began, she was 19 years old... The family was evacuated from Odessa to the rear: first to the Urals, then to the Caucasus....
Awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" for hard work rafting timber in the city of Molotov
(now Perm) and for work on grain procurement in the city of Makhachkala in 1941-1943 during the evacuation from Odessa.
After the war, the family lived in Tiraspol, and my mother worked at the sewing factory named after the 40th Anniversary of the Komsomol until almost the end of the 80s.
In peacetime, she was awarded the medals "Veteran of Labor", "30 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", "40 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945".

No information

Date of birth 1909
Place of birth: Tiraspol
Date and place of conscription Tiraspol RVK, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol district
Last place of service 130th airborne infantry regiment
Military rank: Red Army soldier
Reason for leaving: missing in action
Departure date __.08.1941
Name of the source of the TsAMO report
Information source fund number 58
Source of information inventory number 18001
Source file number 1093

No information

served in the Red Army from 1940 to 1946.

No information

Date of Birth: 1905 Born in the village of Butory, drafted in Tiraspol Private. Missing in action

No information

Place of birth MSSR, Tiraspol Date and place of conscription __.__.1941 Tiraspol State Military Commissariat, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol Military rank private Reason for leaving missing in action Date of leaving __.__.1941 Name of source of report TsAMO/58/18004/1313 ID 67904746

Born in Tiraspol, Moldova. Called up in 1941 by the Tarnopol State Military Commissariat, Tarnopol. Missing in action on 12.1941. /Book "Memory is Immortal". Chisinau, 2000; TsAMO, f.58, op.18004, d.1313 (SEIVV-7;F10-10-4) (BEM-1) (OBD)

Went through the entire war until Victory.

No information

Date of birth/Age __.__.1913
Place of birth: Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol district, Tiraspol
Date and place of conscription 06/23/1941 Tiraspol State Military Commissariat, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol
Military rank: Red Army soldier
Reason for leaving: killed
Departure date 10.05.1942
Name of the source of the report TsAMO/58/18
ID 58076280

Date of birth/Age __.__.1906
Date and place of conscription 06.07.1941 Tiraspol State Military Commissariat, Moldavian SSR, Tiraspol
Military rank: Red Army soldier
Reason for leaving: missing in action
Departure date __.12.1944
Name of the source of the report TsAMO/58/977520/335
ID 61026362

A native of Tiraspol (1st row, 2nd from the right. North Caucasus, 1942) From the collection of the Tiraspol city museum

No information

No information

A native of the village of Podoymitsa, Kamensky district, Moldova. Called up in Tiraspol, Moldova. Senior political instructor, senior instructor for work among enemy troops and populations of the political department of the 386th rifle division.
Missing in action 05.1942. /SEIVV; TsAMO, f.33, op.11458, d.744/(SEIVV-11;F11-4-2) (OBD)

Born in: Tiraspol, Moldova. Called up by: Tiraspol RVC. Red Army soldier, electrician, Black Sea Fleet, Sevastopol Defense District Defense Forces. Missing in action on 3.07.42 in Sevastopol. /TsVMA f.864 op. 1 d.1315 p. 84/

War veteran

My late father, Mikhail Solomonovich Krapchan (1920 - 2007), served in the Red Army from 1940 to 1946, and was at the front from the first day of the war, as he served near the border.

He was an anti-aircraft gunner and took part in repelling attacks by enemy aircraft.

My father was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, medals For Courage, For the Defense of Stalingrad, For the Capture of Königsberg, For the Victory over Germany.

After demobilization, my father worked in the photo studio of the Officers' House and Voentorg, and was one of the best photographers in Tiraspol. I am sure that you will also find his works in your family album.

She was born on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, her father, Shteiman David, died at the front in 1942 in the village of Shakhovo in the Kursk region. She spent the war with her mother in evacuation in the village of Dedovo in the Chkalovsk region. After the war, in 1946, her mother remarried and soon after that her brother was born.

After finishing school in 1957, she entered the Kyiv vocational school. She graduated in 1959. She worked in the sewing workshop of the military trade in her hometown of Ovruch.

In 1961 she moved to Tiraspol. She worked at the VS Solovieva sewing factory. In 1962 she entered the correspondence department of the technological technical school in Chisinau.

  In 1967 she married Mikhail Aleksandrovich Klyavber, in 1968 she gave birth to a son. In 1974 she gave birth to a daughter.

  Since 1971, she worked at the Electrical Equipment Plant, where she also completed a six-month course for controllers.

   In 1976 she moved to work at the custom tailoring factory, the "Silhouette" studio. Her total work experience is 42 years.

  After retiring, she continued to work at the Moldovan Lyceum in Tiraspol until 2001.

Only a daughter and four grandchildren remain from the family; a brother died in 1992, and a son died tragically in 2006.

From the memoirs of Anna Davydovna Shteiman

Porozhnyakova Lidiya Sergeevna was born in Feodosia, Crimean region, on December 5, 1936. In the family of an employee. Father Porozhnyakov Sergey Fedorovich worked as a chief accountant at the port. Mother - Lehtgoln Etya Moiseyevna was a housewife. In the family, Lidiya was the only child. During the Great Patriotic War, she was evacuated to Tashkent together with her mother and grandmother. Already on the second day of the war (June 23), enemy planes appeared in the sky over Feodosia. The main goal of the air raids was to disable the port. The first victims and destruction appeared in the city. In the fall of 1941, the evacuation of enterprises and institutions of Crimea, civilians, and military cargo was transported through the Feodosia port. It took place in difficult conditions: under continuous bombing by German aircraft. There were cases of ships sinking. Lidiya's family was lucky.

She graduated from the seven-year school in 1951 in Zhmerynka. In 1954 she got married and in 1955 she gave birth to her daughter Adelya.

In 1955, she graduated from the mining department of the industrial technical school in Kamenets-Podolsk, and received the specialty of a mining foreman. She lived and worked in Ukraine: as a mining foreman, head of drilling and blasting operations, quarry manager, mechanic and designer at a machine-building plant.

In 1970, she moved to Tiraspol. She worked for 21 years in the UPTK construction trust and in ATB-4 as an engineer in the sales department and economist. In 1991, she retired. Veteran of labor. Total work experience is 40 years.

Lidiya Sergeevna was a woman with an active life position, attended the Day Center, participated in all events. She loved to give her hobby - knitting to people. Many guests and clients of our community received beautiful knitted slippers as a gift. In our memory, she will remain as a person with a kind heart and an open soul.

 Lidiya Sergeevna passed away on June 12, 2021.

         Olga Davydovna RAKHOVSKAYA, nee GLEIZER, was born on June 4, 1934 in the city of Bobruisk, Byelorussian SSR.

         Father, David Glazer, born in 1905, worked as a shoemaker. Mother, Etia Naumovna Glazer, born in 1900, was a milliner, sewing clothes at home. There were five children in the family.

         When the Great Patriotic War began, her father went to the front. Olga's older sister, Zinaida Davydovna, did not evacuate with all her relatives. She became a member of an underground youth organization and was shot with other underground members in 1942 on the banks of the Berezina River.

         In July 1941, Olga, her mother, sister Manya, and two brothers, Solomon and Efim, were evacuated to the city of Chust, Uzbek SSR. In 1942, her mother died of typhus. All the children were taken to be raised in an orphanage in the city of Namangan. In 1944, her sister Manya died.

         In the same year of 1944, their father David came to Namangan. He was discharged because his arm was torn off in one of the battles. The father told the children that their house in Bobruisk had been bombed, there was nowhere to return to, so in 1945 the family moved to Tiraspol. (Olga's father, David, died in 1980).

         In Tiraspol in 1948, Olga Davydovna graduated from a seven-year school.

         A disabled father, two younger brothers, hungry years... That's why, at the age of 14, Olya began working first in the sewing cooperative at Schneiderman's, then as a postman at the post office, then in a spinning mill.

         In 1956, on a Komsomol trip, she went to Donetsk, where she worked in a coal mine. Two years later, in connection with the Order on the withdrawal of women from the mine, she returned to Tiraspol. And from 1958, she worked on the railway for 25 years, then from 1984 to 1987 she worked at the Chemical Plant as a foundry worker, from which she resigned at the age of 53 due to health reasons, having received the 2nd group of disability. Olga Davydovna's total work experience was 36 years.

           In 1961 Olga got married and has two daughters who live in Tiraspol. (In 1992 her husband died).

           Olga Davydovna lived a long and difficult life. She died on January 9, 2016. Blessed memory to her!

         Grigory Abramovich GLUZER was born on November 15, 1932 in the city of Balta, Odessa region. Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he lived with his parents in the city of Tiraspol, MASSR.

         When the war began, he and his mother, born in 1911, were evacuated to Tashkent, Uzbek SSR. Living in Tashkent had a hard time for the boy's mother. She caught a bad cold, contracted tuberculosis, became disabled, was constantly ill, and died in 1975.

         In 1941, after the war began, Grisha's father, Abram Grigorievich GLUZER, born in 1907, was mobilized and sent to the front. In one of the battles, the father was seriously wounded. After treatment in the hospital, having received a disability, he reunited with his family in Tashkent. After the end of the war, the family returned to Tiraspol in 1945. The father worked as a foreman at a bakery all the time. He died in 1991.

         Grigoriy Abramovich studied at school in Tashkent from 1941 to 1945. When he returned with his parents to Tiraspol, he continued his education at school, and after finishing 7 grades, he entered the Odessa Highway Technical School. Due to family circumstances, after finishing the first year of the technical school, he was forced to return home from Odessa.

         In Tiraspol, he began working at the Kirov plant as a turner's apprentice, and after being awarded a professional rank, he worked at the plant until 1954.

         In 1954, Grigory Abramovich was drafted into the Soviet Army, and in 1957 he was demobilized.

         After demobilization, he worked as a fitter-turner at the Tiraspol wine and cognac factory, then transferred to the position of fitter at Construction Department No. 6. In parallel with his work, he studied by correspondence at the Odessa Machine-Tool College, which he graduated from in 1961.

         From 1960 until his retirement in 1993, he worked at the Elektromash plant as an engineer-technologist. Special secondary technical education and experience gained over a long period of work directly in the small electric machine shop, and then as the head of the OGT technological bureau, allowed Grigory Abramovich to study the technology of electric machine production and work in an engineering position.

         From 1959 to 1994 he was married to Fridman Evgenia Efimovna. They had two children - a son and a daughter. The son and his family live in Germany, and the daughter - in Israel.

         Grigory Abramovich was a member of the Hesed Charity and Cultural Center from the moment of its organization in Tiraspol (and until his death).

         Grigory Abramovich died on November 23, 2011. Blessed memory to this great worker!

Valery Dmitrievich ARTEMOV was born on April 28, 1938 in the city of Tiraspol, Moldavian Autonomous Republic, into a family of employees.

Mother, PAVLOTSKAYA Lyba Shimovna, worked as a technologist at the Tiraspol wine and cognac factory. Father, ARTEMOV Dmitry Dmitrievich, was born and lived in Tiraspol, and later worked as an engineer at the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal. In 1940, he was transferred as deputy chief engineer to a shipyard in the city of Astrakhan, where he moved his entire family (wife, mother-in-law and two sons) from Tiraspol.

With the outbreak of war, Father Valery Dmitrievich was drafted into the Red Army, and in 1942 he died while defending the North Caucasus.

In 1942, Valery, his mother, grandmother and brother were evacuated to the Udmurt ASSR, where they lived until 1944. In 1944, they returned from evacuation to Astrakhan. At the end of the same 1944, his mother and grandmother decided to return to their native Tiraspol.

Valery graduated from school in Tiraspol, and in 1966 he completed the correspondence department of the motor transport technical school in the city of Rostov-on-Don.

He was married twice. From his first marriage he has two daughters who live in the Rostov region, Russia.

Valery Dmitrievich worked at the Electroapparatny Plant and at the Elektromash Plant in Tiraspol as a foreman, then a senior foreman, and then a section manager. His total work experience was 43.5 years.

Unfortunately, this great worker passed away on April 29, 2012.

My father, Leonid Leontievich Roizen was born on March 11, 1919, in the city of Ananyev, Odessa region. Father Leontiy Ionovich Roizen worked as a tailor in the Indposhiva artel, mother Sofya Leontyevna was a housewife. There were four children in the family. Two sons and two daughters. Leonid, as a teenager, went to Tiraspol, where his older brother already lived, and got a job at the May 1 canning factory and worked there until he was drafted into the army. At the same time, he studied at an evening school, where he received a secondary education.

In May 1938, he was drafted into the Soviet Army by the Tiraspol City Military Registration and Enlistment Office and sent to the Proletarian Division in Moscow in a rifle regiment, where he served until December 1939. In December 1939, he was sent to study at the Smolensk Rifle and Machine Gun School, which he graduated from in May 1941 and received the military rank of lieutenant. Until July 1941, he remained at the school as a machine-gun platoon commander. Then he was called up to the front. His parents and two sisters were killed at the beginning of the war by the German fascists during the occupation of Ananyev. He fought as a medium tank platoon commander on the Western, Southern, Fourth, Second and Third Ukrainian Fronts. He was wounded. He ended the war in Czechoslovakia with the rank of guard senior lieutenant of the technical troops. For his participation in the Great Patriotic War, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War, the Order of the Red Banner, the medals For the Liberation of Prague, For the Capture of Budapest, Vienna, For Military Merit, For the Victory over Germany, and For Impeccable Service, 1st Class. While still at the front, he married Zoya Nikolaevna Gustein.  

After the victory, he remained to serve in the ranks of the USSR Armed Forces. He served in Romania, Hungary, the Kaliningrad Region, and on Sakhalin Island. He had a son and a daughter. He was discharged into the reserve with the rank of major in accordance with the law of January 15, 1960, on a new significant reduction in the USSR Armed Forces. From August 1960, he lived in the city of Tiraspol. For more than 30 years, he worked as the head of the DOSAAF driving school. In the last years of his life, he worked as the head teacher of the municipal driving school.

He died on December 2, 1996. He was buried in Tiraspol.                                                                     

Gershberg Rozita Abramovna was born on 11/19/1931 in Odessa. Her father worked as a typesetter in a printing house, and her mother was a housewife. When the Great Patriotic War began, her father was taken to the front, and Roza with her mother and sister were evacuated to the city of Stalingrad. Due to the rapid advance of the Germans, the family had to move further to Kazakhstan, to the city of Chimkent. The family stayed there until the end of the war. Her father died at the front.

In 1945, Rosa, her sister and mother returned to Odessa, and in 1951 they moved to the city of Tiraspol. Here she graduated from the Tiraspol Music College and the Philological Department of the Tiraspol Pedagogical Institute. She worked as a piano teacher at a music school, giving music lessons to children. Rozita Abramovna's husband was a pediatric surgeon, worked at the city's children's hospital. Many people in our city knew this family. The only son lives in America. This wonderful woman died on May 16, 2010. Very kind, always helping people, an unusually bright person will forever remain in the memory of her students, friends and colleagues.

Bineva Alexandra Beniaminovna (before marriage Groysman), was born on April 8, 1934, in the city of Tiraspol, to a family of workers. Father Groysman Beniamin Moiseevich, a painter, mother Groysman Riva Abramovna, a seamstress. The family had four children, two sisters and a brother. When the war began, my father was taken to the front, and my mother with four children was evacuated from the city to Kuban. With the approach of the Germans, they had to evacuate further. So the family got to Uzbekistan, Fergana region, Kuibyshevsky district, st. Serova. In early 1942, news came that my father died at the front. That same year, my mother died and we were sent to an orphanage in the village of Reshtach. We stayed there until August 1946, until my father's brother, Groysman Pyotr Moiseevich, returned from the front, who found his family and took us to his place, where there were three children of his own. So we returned to our hometown of Tiraspol. I finished 7 classes, typist courses. I worked in the artel "30 years of October", and from 1953 to 1980, I worked in the Tiraspol City Committee of the Komsomol as a secretary - typist, for conscientious work she was awarded the Medal "For Valiant Labor". In 1957, she completed nursing courses, received a secondary specialized education. In the same year she got married, gave birth to a daughter. Alexandra Beniaminovna loved to write poetry, read them at all the events that were held in Hesed. Her classmates from the Day Center, which she attended, especially loved to listen to her. To this day, her poems are kept in the Day Center of Hesed and reading them, we always remember this wonderful, kind and talented woman.

He went through the entire war from the first to the last day. He defended Odessa and Novorossiysk. He was seriously wounded twice.

My mother, Kalik Fanya Ilyinichna, was born on February 27, 1914, in the village of Krasnye Okna near Odessa. She graduated from a pedagogical college and taught in elementary grades. She married in 1934 Markzitzer Gersh Abramovich, born in 1909, who was born in the same village into a simple working-class family. In 1940, they moved to Tiraspol, where they bought a house and by that time they already had two children, a son and a daughter, and lived there until the war. In April 1941, the Tiraspol city military registration and enlistment office called up my father for retraining, and in June 1941 the war began and we never saw him again. There is no exact information about his death, since some documents reported that he died a heroic death in 1942, and according to other sources, he went missing in 1943. All my father's relatives lived in Grigoriopol and when the Germans entered there, all the Jews were driven into one place and shot there, so my mother, grabbing the small children, immediately decided to evacuate. The journey was very long: on carts, on foot, on trains, under explosions and bombings, we reached the Dnieper River. Military equipment and soldiers were moving across the bridge, we had to stop. But at that time some people came up to us and shouted: "Why are you sitting, the Germans are about to be here. Mom with two tiny children dropped everything and rushed to the bridge, thanks to the military who took pity on a young woman with two children, they were put in a car and transported to the other bank, and a few minutes later the bridge was blown up. Thus, we remained alive, but without everything. Documents and everything else remained on the other bank. As a result, when we finally got to Tashkent, my mother had very big problems with restoring documents. We did not have a single thing from before the war, not a single photo. That is why I have never seen my father, even in a photo. My mother is a teacher by education, but in Tashkent she went to work as a worker at a plant that produced shells. There were no clothes, and the boots that she had on were so worn out that she had to practically walk barefoot. Seeing this situation, the foreman took pity on her and gave her work gloves, which she had to put on over her boots to somehow protect herself and not walk barefoot on the ground. The cards that she was given were not enough, and my brother and I, left alone at home, often went to the neighbors and begged for bread. For more than three years she worked in a hot shop and carried heavy shells. In 1944, Tiraspol was liberated and we returned home from evacuation, but our house was destroyed and we were given a room in a communal apartment with stove heating, which we were happy with and in which we lived for many years. After the war, my mother worked as a forwarder, and then as an accountant at a wine and cognac factory until her retirement. My mother died on December 7, 1988. I often remember that time and understand that my mother, who was thirty years old, had it not much easier than those who were on the battlefield...

Shvartsman Hana Aronovna

Shvartsman Hana Aronovna was born on March 8, 1925 in the city of Bobruisk, Mogilev region, Byelorussian SSR. Her father was a stove-maker, her mother was a housewife. There were five children in the family. Hana had 2 brothers and 2 sisters. With the outbreak of war in 1941, both brothers went to the front. The elder sister and her husband did not have time to leave the city, they ended up in a ghetto, where they were shot. Hana with her mother and younger sister fled from the city to the forest. The flow of refugees was constantly subjected to shelling and bombing. During one of the bombings, the mother died. Our soldiers picked up the children, took them to some station, put them in a freight car. So they ended up in the Voronezh region, where they worked on a collective farm for 2 months. The Germans continued their offensive and the children were evacuated to the Chkalov region (now Orenburg). Here the sisters were separated: the younger one was sent to an orphanage, and Khana to tractor driver courses, after which she worked on a collective farm. When the collective farm received an order for young people to study at a factory training school, Khana voluntarily went to the city of Sol-Iletsk to study as a plasterer-mason. She worked at a construction site. In 1943, Khana left for the city of Kuibyshev, entered the factory training school, and studied to be a turner. After graduating from the factory training school, she worked as a turner, then as an accountant. After the liberation of Belarus in 1944, she returned to her hometown, where she got a job at the State Bank as an apprentice credit inspector. The girl was offered to go to study at a financial technical school in Minsk. Since the scholarship was small, not enough to live on, Khana became a donor. Victory found Khana in Minsk. After graduating from the technical school, Khana worked in Bobruisk as a credit inspector. One of Hana's brothers went missing in the war, the second died. Her father was seriously wounded and spent a year being treated in hospitals, then worked at a military plant. In 1946, Hana got married and went to live in Tiraspol, Moldova. In 1947, a daughter was born, who lived only 2 months and the couple did not have any more children. Before retiring, she worked as an accountant at the Tkachenko plant, and then in a motorcade. Hana Aronovna was a very sociable person. She had many friends. She cooked very well and loved to treat. Everyone who remembers her, still recalls her delicious stuffed fish. And according to her recipe, many still bake Napoleon cake, remembering only kind words about this wonderful woman.

                                                                                                    Anyone can become a father, but it takes a special person to become a dad...              

                                                                                                                                                     (Immanuel Kant, German philosopher)

I would like to share my memories of my father. His name was Aron Beniaminovich GOLDGAMER. He was born on September 1, 1929 in Tiraspol. Father - Beniamin Yulievich Goldgamer, born in 1901 (Before the October Revolution he was a worker, after the revolution - an employee. Participant of the Great Patriotic War, received a disability during the liberation of Tiraspol). Mother (housewife) – Golda Nakhmanovna Goldhammer, née Koifman, born in 1905.

Before the war he studied at school. When the war began and his father was mobilized, Aron with his mother and younger brother were evacuated to the city of Balkhash, Kazakh SSR.

To help his mother and brother, he went to work as a fitter at the Balkhash Copper Smelter. He was 13-14 years old at the time.

After returning from evacuation to his native Tiraspol, he returned to school and became a Komsomol member in March 1945. After finishing seven years of school in 1946, he entered the Tiraspol paramedic and obstetric school (FAS), which he graduated from in 1949 with a degree in paramedic.

In March 1950, he was drafted into the Soviet Army. And in 1951, he completed the courses for lieutenants of the medical service at the Kiev Military Medical School.

In December 1951, he married Maya Yulievna Zekhtser, who studied with him at the FAS. Together, they moved from military units to military units, and Maya worked as a civilian nurse in hospitals.

In 1956, Aron was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army due to the reduction of this very army.

Together with his wife, he returned to his native Tiraspol. In 1957, Aron graduated with honors from the X-ray laboratory technician courses at the X-ray center of the Republican Clinical Hospital in Chisinau and began working as an X-ray laboratory technician at the Tiraspol Maternity Hospital.

In 1958, the couple had a daughter, Marina, and in 1961, a second daughter, Irina.

Aron took an active part in medical and preventive work, took part in competitions of sanitary squads of the city and the republic. He was the chief of staff of the civil defense of the maternity hospital. And when the People's Theater of Medical Workers was organized in 1967, he became one of its actors. Here are some of the performances in which Aron Beniaminovich took part (sometimes he played the main roles in these performances):

- "TAIMYR IS CALLING YOU" (Authors of the play: K. Isaev and A. Galich);

- "DID YOU PRAY TO DESDEMONA AT NIGHT?"author of the play V. Tendryakov);

- "LATE LOVE" (N. Ostrovsky);

- "SITUATION" (V.Rozov);

- "...AND THE ETERNAL FIGHT" (M.Saenko and E.Ryzhova);

- "AN UNUSUAL STORY" (E. Braginsky, E. Ryazanov);

- "STRANGE DOCTOR" (A. Sofronov);

- "PRIZE" (A. Gelman);

- "OGAREVA, 6" (Yu. Semenov).

In 1970, Aron Beniaminovich was awarded a First Degree Diploma “…for creative achievements and high performing skills at the city festival of theatrical art dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin”…

The premieres of the plays were always timed to coincide with Medical Worker's Day, and they were staged on the stage of the city theater. The last play, "Ogareva, 6" was given on the stage of the DK "Sovremennik"...

After 20 years of work at the Tiraspol maternity hospital, in 1977 he moved to work at the Kirov LITMASH plant, where he worked as a metal cutter, a boilermaker, and a sharpener...

When Aron Beniaminovich worked in the maternity hospital and at the factory, he always made rationalization proposals for his work, for the implementation of which he received small bonuses.

As far back as I can remember, my father was never idle. He made furniture for the house (for example, a dressing table, a kitchen set, stools, chairs...), sawed, planed, assembled vacuum tube radios, worked with metal, repaired televisions. Repairs in the apartment, plumbing - were always on his shoulders. In our old house, he installed steam heating himself. He also wrote a little poetry and drew. And he even sewed me a dress and a raincoat when I was about six years old. In a word, he was a jack of all trades. And he did everything wonderfully. I still have a hard time imagining how he managed to do it all...

Aron Beniaminovich Goldhammer died on February 9, 1997 at the age of 67. We miss him very much.

Margules Irina Berkovna was born on October 1, 1924 in Warsaw to a family of a dentist and a librarian. In 1939, her father died, and her mother was sent to the ghetto and died there. Irina was left alone at home; and in order to survive, she had to sell her jewelry, which was left by her parents, at the market. So one day the Germans organized a roundup of civilians, and she ended up in a concentration camp. There were many different checks in the concentration camp to identify pregnant women, those who knew German, and others. During one of these checks, Irina was also asked these questions. At that time, Irina already knew German quite well, and this saved her life. Irina began to translate from Polish into German. What exactly caused the subsequent events is unknown. Perhaps there were also humane people among the camp workers, or some miracle happened, but one day a doctor took pity on her and wrote her down on the list of pregnant women. And all pregnant women were released from the camp.

 Later, she could no longer stay at home and had to go to relatives who helped her get another passport, since if the "nationality" column said "Jewish", then the person was doomed. After long wanderings, Irina joined the Polish army, where she served as a typist. Later, she met a Russian officer, Nikolai Kazyuk, who was sent to help the Polish army. So Irina and Nikolai served together until the end of the war. After the war, Nikolai was recalled to his homeland, and after a while Irina followed him to distant Russia, not knowing a word of Russian. Here, at the age of 23, she began a new life. Without relatives, without knowledge of the language, she learned to live in a new way. In this marriage, they had two children: a son and a daughter. Irina Berkovna lived a decent life, never forgetting her roots. She raised good children, managed to babysit grandchildren, and lived to see great-grandchildren. Irina Berkovna died on March 13, 2010.

This story is about my grandfather, whose name was Yuliy Iosifovich ZEKHTSER.

Born in 1904 in the city of Rybnitsa, no more detailed information has been preserved. Father - Joseph Zekhtzer, mother - Nehama Zekhtzer, née Vinokur. Father had a large workshop for making horse harnesses, mother was a housewife (after all, there were 8 children in the family).

Probably, after the revolution of 1917, the family moved to Odessa. Yuliy's father, Iosif, was most likely left without his workshop, the workers fled. In Odessa, he worked somewhere, was an assistant rabbi and a singer in the synagogue. In the fall, most likely at the end of October 1919, when Iosif was returning home from the synagogue in the evening, he was attacked by robbers from Mishka Yaponchik's gang. They took his money, his coat and hat. He walked home in one shirt, caught a bad cold, fell ill and died (most likely from pneumonia or, as they said then, from consumption). He was buried in Odessa in a cemetery that no longer exists...

Yuliy Iosifovich was the youngest child in the family. It was a time of famine, and at the age of 16 he went to work. He followed in his father's footsteps and also began working with leather, going from a laborer to the commercial director of the Tiraspol shoe and sewing factory...

He began his working career in Odessa. But in 1921-1922, famine brought great devastation to the city., Therefore, in mid-1922, Yulia moved to the village of Peschanka, where in August 1922 he began working as a tanner. He worked as a tanner in the village of Peschanka from August 14, 1922 to May 23, 1924. But there was no work there either, and he returned to Odessa. In Odessa, from 1924 to 1925, Yulia worked at the Second State Shoe Factory named after the October Revolution. And after the liquidation of his workplace, Yulia was transferred to the 7th State Leather Factory in Odessa, where he worked as a laborer. He became a member of the Komsomol and was engaged in propaganda work. Then he was accepted to the First Drive Belt Factory, where he worked from December 8, 1927 to September 5, 1928.

As an active Komsomol member, Yulia was sent to Tiraspol to support the Komsomol organization of the Tiraspol Tannery, where he began working in October 1928.

In 1929 he met his future wife and, despite her disability, married her. In 1931 they had a daughter (my mom).

He was accepted as a member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Later, the communist organization of the Tiraspol tannery sent him to Kodyma, where he worked as Chairman of the Board of the Kodyma Promcredit. Partnership for eight and a half months. He returned to Tiraspol to work at the tannery.  

      Then, as a communist and already an experienced tanner, he was sent to organize artels for the production and repair of leather shoes throughout Moldova and part of Ukraine.

      Before the Great Patriotic War, Yuliy Iosifovich worked at the Tiraspol Shoe and Sewing Factory as a commercial director from August 1940 to July 10, 1941. He had a daughter, Maya, and a son, Efim. He did not know that his third child would also be a son, who would be born in January 1942...

      He was mobilized on July 10, 1941. In the lists of irretrievable losses of the Tiraspol City Military Commissariat, he was listed as a Red Army soldier with the specialty of "machine gunner".

      He was listed as missing in action. But recently declassified documents revealed that Yuliy Iosifovich ZEKHTSER died in September 1941 near Odessa, in Kholodnaya Balka.

…WE WAKE UP, AND THE MIDNIGHT RUMBLERS
EITHER A THUNDERSTORM OR AN ECHO OF A PAST WAR...

This story is dedicated to the memory of my great-uncle – Mikhail Yakovlevich CHAPLIK.

Misha was born in Tiraspol on February 23, 1921. His parents were CHAPLIK Yankel Aizikovich and Fanya Zinovyevna CHAPLIK, née YASSKAYA. His mother was a housewife, and his father was a winemaker and ran a tavern, which was Kotovsky's underground hideout.It just so happened that my great-grandmother Fanya and Grigory Kotovsky were from the same place. And when Kotovsky was arrested for the first time and put in a Chisinau prison, she brought him a parcel).

Mikhail studied at the "1st Labor School", today's Humanitarian and Mathematical Gymnasium (in the recent past - Secondary School No. 6). Mikhail had many friends, but his closest friend was Monya GERSHBERG. They studied music together, both played the violin. (I can say with a high degree of certainty that Mikhail Yakovlevich was also acquainted with Mikhail Arkadyevich PAVLOTSKY, although he was a year older, but they studied at the same school.).

After successfully graduating from school in 1938, Mikhail went to Moscow to enroll in the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute (MISI). But after studying for only a year, he volunteered for the Soviet-Finnish War. During the "Winter War", he was frostbitten, had an enlarged heart, and developed rheumatism. But despite everything, Misha fought until the last day of this war and ended it with the rank of sergeant.

He came to Tiraspol to visit his parents on September 1, 1940.

Despite all the difficulties of the war he went through, and his health problems, Mikhail decided to stay in the army and become a career soldier. To do this, he entered the Smolensk Artillery School in 1940.

From the spring of 1941, he was in summer camps in the Smolensk region, near the city of Dorogobuzh, where the war found him. From the beginning of the war, Mikhail lost contact with his family, friends and relatives. It is only known that from September 1941, he was on the Kalinin Front.

By chance, trying to establish contact with acquaintances, on June 5, 1942, he found his parents, who had been evacuated to Tashkent. It was a miracle in the nightmare that the country was in at the time! By this time, Mikhail Yakovlevich had already been awarded the rank of "senior lieutenant", he was a member of the CPSU, commanded the 3rd division of the 286th Artillery Regiment.

 Gradually, a correspondence began between him and his family members. His parents were able to find out where and how their son was (although in all his letters he wrote: “I am still living a combat life. I feel great.” It is clear that he simply did not want to worry his parents). They also did not share much about their life in the rear, although his niece, Maya (my mom) tried to write to him...

       On July 31, 1942, he was awarded the rank of "captain". He fought on the Kalinin Front. On August 10, 1942, he was wounded in a battle near the city of Rzhev and sent to a transit hospital in Torzhok, and then to a hospital stationed in Kalinin for treatment, where he spent more than a month. He had a light (according to him) shrapnel wound to the shin of his left leg and the forearm of his left hand.

        After treatment, Mikhail Yakovlevich was transferred to a new place of service, and in early December 1942, Mikhail was appointed deputy regiment commander.

        On December 23, 1942, an order was signed to award Mikhail the Order of the Red Star. This is what was stated in the Award Sheet:

“In the battles from November 25, he was continuously in combat formations with the infantry, accompanying it with artillery fire from the division.

        On November 26, 1942, he received an order to raise the infantry that had taken cover and launch a decisive attack on Bortniki. With a group of 10 people, Bortniki was busy.

        27.11.42 south of Linevo, personally directing the guns, he destroyed 3 pillboxes with direct fire.

        28.11.42 at 16.00 occupied Urdom, organizing a circular artillery defense there. The division destroyed up to 30 pillboxes, an observation post in Bortniki, and destroyed a mortar battery. More than 100 Germans were killed.

        For courage, heroism and bravery he deserves to be awarded the Order of the Red Star...

        I remember his words (from a man who was not yet 22 years old!) from a letter that we donated to our city museum for safekeeping:

        "…It is now 5 minutes past midnight, 1/1/43.

        I am sitting in my dugout and remembering you, my friends, with whom I spent my childhood and youth.

        Exactly five minutes ago I raised a glass of vodka in the circle of my combat friends, with whom we shared all the joys and hardships. We toasted to a speedy victory over the enemy, to the meeting of the new next year in the conditions of peaceful construction, we gave an oath to each other that we would give all our strength, and if necessary, even our lives, for our happy, great Motherland.

        My friends are sitting next to me now. We are all young. The oldest of us is 27-28 years old. But despite our youth, if you looked at us, you would think that sitting in front of you are people who have lived more than half a century. And you would not be mistaken. Our horizons have expanded so much that it would hardly be possible to achieve this in other conditions. Each of us is imbued with one thought - to quickly defeat the enemy, the thought of revenge, revenge and revenge. And we are taking revenge.…)

         During the battles (most likely in the Oryol direction) on July 20, 1943, he was seriously wounded, this time in the foot of the right leg and the wrist of the right hand.

        According to the Main Directorate of Personnel of the USSR Ministry of Defense from September 19, 1943, “…Chief of Staff of the 276th Artillery Regiment, Captain Mikhail Yakovlevich CHAPLIK, died of his wounds on July 24, 1943 and was buried in the mass cemetery in the village of Staritsa, Ulyanovsk District, Oryol Region.”

                                         LIVING IN THE HEARTS OF THOSE WHO REMAIN, WE AVOID DEATH...

I dedicate these memories to my mother – GOLDHAMER Maya Yulievna, nee ZEKHTSER.

Maya was born on March 11, 1931 in Tiraspol. Her parents were Yuliy Iosifovich ZEKHTSER and Godya Yakovlevna ZEKHTSER, née CHAPLIK. As a child, like all Jewish children, she studied music and played the violin.
The war caught the whole family in Tiraspol, at that time Maya was 10 years old, she had a younger brother and was expecting another child. Maya's father was mobilized on July 10, 1941. He was a communist, worked before the war in the Tiraspol shoe and sewing factory as a commercial director. He died in September 1941 near Odessa in Kholodnaya Balka. This became known only recently, when documents began to appear on the Internet on the websites of OBD Memorial, Memory of the People and Feat of the People. And so he was listed as missing in action.Neither my grandmother nor my mother ever found out about this.).
Maina's family was one of the last to evacuate. Here are her memories of those days:On the night of August 16, 1941, the police went around apartments and houses and warned everyone to leave.
There were few people at the station. Families with knapsacks were sitting in different places and awaiting their fate. On the tracks in different places there were "wagons", or rather platforms of different configurations, but there was no locomotive. We barely found an old locomotive and began to connect the wagons. We still managed to get into one wagon (a boxcar) with high sides, but without a roof. Finally, we went. On the way to Odessa, we were bombed a lot. In Odessa, an aunt and uncle came to the station and persuaded us to stay, but grandfather did not allow it. He said that we would go to where they would take us.
At that time, while we were sitting at the station and waiting for the train, the unit in which Dad served returned to Tiraspol. He came home, and the windows and doors were boarded up. The neighbors who were still there talked to him. He was very
cried. If he had known that we were still at the station, maybe he would have cried again.
saw...»
The train was repeatedly bombed, sometimes adults who got out of the car for water and food fell behind the train. Finally, with great difficulty, the family reached the North Caucasus, they were sent to the regional center - the village of Kirovskoye. But the fascists continued their offensive, and the family moved to Pyatigorsk. They lived in Pyatigorsk for several months, and then they had to evacuate further. They received a direction to Alma-Ata. They waited at the station for three days for a transfer in Tashkent. But, since Maya's mother was pregnant with their third child and was close to delivery, they never made it to Alma-Ata. Labor began. They stayed in Tashkent. The baby was born weighing more than 4 kg. The birth was difficult. In the maternity hospital, Maya's mother contracted typhus, and she and the baby were transferred to an infectious diseases hospital. There she contracted pneumonia. She was seriously ill, and one day, when Maya and her grandmother came to the hospital, they were told that her mother had died and that she was in the morgue. It was a nightmare for everyone! But it so happened that her mother came to her senses in the morgue, however, after that she went blind, although the blindness went away with time.
They lived in a clay house, it was very cold in winter. There were 4 children in the family (Maya was the oldest), 6 adults. Of the adults, only two worked. Then, when Maya's mother got better, she went to work. But the work was not easy and did not pay very well, because in addition to all the "delights" of life, Maya's mother had had one leg in a prosthesis since childhood. Therefore, it was Maya who fussed around the house and with the children to a greater extent. In addition, in Tashkent, she went to school so as not to lag behind her peers.
The family returned to Tiraspol from evacuation in 1945. They were lucky, their house was intact, although strangers lived in it... Maya finished 7 classes and in 1946 entered the feldsher-midwife school (FAS). This was the first post-war recruitment. After graduating from FAS in 1949, she began working in a children's clinic. During her studies, she met her future husband, who also studied at FAS. Aron GOLDHAMER, after graduating from FAS, joined the army. In 1951, they got married and left for her husband's place of service. Maya served as a civilian in military hospitals in Sevastopol, Kamyshin and where her husband served.
After the death of I. Stalin, the army began to be disbanded, and at the end of 1956, Maya and her husband returned to their homeland. In Tiraspol, they had two daughters, then two grandchildren... Maya worked in a children's clinic until her retirement. Her husband worked as a radiologist in the Tiraspol maternity hospital for 20 years, and then worked at the Kirov plant until his retirement...
Maya was always an active, cheerful person, she read a lot (she had a large library), was interested in archeology, because in her youth she wanted to become an archeologist, but fate decreed otherwise...
Heseda took an active part in the work of the Day Center, sang in the choir, and attended clubs. She loved to embroider, made toys, crafts, and panels from shells, feathers, and various materials at hand. There was even a personal exhibition of her works at the Day Center…
Maya Yulievna GOLDGAMER passed away on July 31, 2009.

My father  Gaysinsky Mikhail Abramovich was born on March 22, 1914 in Odessa. His parents died early. He and two other brothers and a sister were adopted into different families. His childhood was very difficult. He served in the Pacific Fleet, where the war caught him. From Vladivostok, his unit was transferred to Crimea, from where my father began to fight. For the liberation of the city of Sevastopol, he was awarded a medal. Then there was Odessa and again a medal for its liberation. During the war, my father was awarded the medal "For Military Merit", the Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degree.

Then there were military actions outside our homeland. My father fought in Bulgaria, where he received a medal for its liberation. My father finished the war in Yugoslavia, where he was wounded and discharged with the rank of sergeant major of the second class. My father was a disabled person of the Great Patriotic War, group I. After the war, he moved to our city, where he met my mother and they got married. My father worked first in the trade sector, and then at the sewing factory named after the 40th anniversary of the Komsomol.

 Once my father and I were supposed to fly from the Chisinau airport to Moscow. When my father passed through the metal detector, a characteristic sound was heard indicating that there were metal objects. When all the supposed objects were removed and the metal detector did not stop, I remembered that my father had a fragment in his wounded leg (it was not allowed to be removed). The airport workers saluted my father and apologized. So in the 70s of the 20th century, the war reminded us of itself.

My father was a quiet, modest man who loved life. He loved the events associated with the Victory Parade and took an active part in all city events. Victory Day is the most important holiday in our family. Dad died on April 16, 1996.

An outstanding athlete, trainer and journalist, master of sports of the USSR in boxing Boris Lvovich Oikherman. His name is familiar to hardly every resident of Tiraspol. For many of us, as well as for the city as a whole, the loss of this tireless and always optimistic person was an irreparable loss.

A native of Tiraspol, Boris Oikherman was for many years the elder, the pillar and conscience of our sport, the keeper of its best traditions, laid down in the distant Soviet times. He belonged to the generation of children of war, grew up in the difficult conditions of post-war devastation, where almost all the boys underwent a harsh upbringing on the street. Maybe that is why he chose boxing from an early age and subsequently achieved outstanding success in it.

Having started his sports career in the ring, he became the first boxer - master of sports of the USSR in our city. Subsequently, Boris Oikherman will be the most popular boxing trainer in Tiraspol, who was able to cultivate in young men not only physical skills, but also the most important thing - spirit, will, honesty, nobility.

However, in his youth he also managed to work in production - as a tinsmith in a city industrial complex, a grinder in a metalworking plant. He was an active Komsomol member. He actively collaborated with the Dnestrovskaya Pravda. His first articles covered production topics. Later, he would write about what was most important to him - sports. And so professionally, brightly, enthusiastically that Tiraspol, Moldova, and the entire Soviet Union would receive a new talented sports journalist. His correspondence was sometimes published even in the central press - the Izvestia and Sovetsky Sport newspapers. And regularly - in his native Dnestrovskaya Pravda. By the way, Boris Lvovich was one of the ideological inspirers and organizers of the track and field cross-country race, which is still held annually on the day of Tiraspol's liberation from the German-Romanian occupation. This nationwide city sports event is held for the prizes of our newspaper.

In difficult, crisis times, at the turn of the eighties and nineties of the last century, Boris Lvovich worked a lot in administrative positions - in the city sports committee, then in the republican department for youth and sports. It was a conscious choice: when waves of destruction raged around, he was one of those who tried to preserve what he dedicated his life to - sports. In all its diversity and in the broadest sense - as an important element of a healthy society, as part of patriotic education, even as a philosophy of life.

And for a very long time he continued his journalistic work, tirelessly covering a variety of sports competitions, events, promoting a healthy lifestyle, calling on the authorities to pay more attention to the problems of sports, and the general public - to go to stadiums more often, do physical education and sports. From football, basketball, swimming, wrestling and boxing to reviews of chess tournaments - Boris Lvovich Oikherman was engaged in everything, he was competent in everything - wise with years, but with a hot heart of a young man. He was a judge, a spectator, a participant, always passionately interested and not indifferent.

In recent years, B.L. Oikherman was the Chairman of the Council of Veterans for Sports, Deputy Chairman of the Republican Physical Culture and Sports Society "Mercury". His list of titles and awards includes: Excellent Physical Culture and Sports of the USSR, International All-Around Judge, Honored Physical Culture and Sports Worker of the PMR, Cavalier of the Orders "Badge of Honor", "Labor Glory" and many others. The bright memory of Boris Lvovich Oikherman will forever remain in our hearts, and his life will serve as an example of high human dignity and devotion to one's work.

Photo artist Mikhail Iosifovich Blonshtein, a native of Tiraspol, known in professional circles far beyond his hometown and Transnistria, has passed away.

He was born in 1951 in Tiraspol and began his creative path at a time when photography was still somewhat akin to alchemy and magic. The process of film photography itself resembled an act of creation – in the dark, in baths with water and a mysterious mixture of reagents, with precisely calculated flashes of light. You must admit, doing such a thing seemed exciting and romantic.

Moreover, in the USSR there was an international cohort of photographers of, without exaggeration, world significance. Each republic had its own, in some way different from the others, school of photography. There was a constant process of productive creative interaction between them. Mikhail Blonshteyn himself studied in Moscow with one of the outstanding masters of his time – Alexander Lapin. Well, and the general cultural base, which is only beneficial to a real natural talent, our fellow countryman received by graduating from the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts.

Working as a staff photographer for the Moldavizolit plant, Mikhail Blonshteyn, as was customary in those days, went on creative business trips around the Union and even abroad, but, by his own admission, his best source of inspiration was his native places, familiar from childhood. Mikhail Iosifovich managed to create a huge suite of genre and everyday photographs from the life of Tiraspol using his good old film camera. In the digital era that followed, Mikhail Blonshteyn, of course, mastered new methods of photography, but remained a faithful keeper of the principles of craftsmanship and professional honesty.

Despite the even too wide choice of various online training courses on the World Wide Web, young generations of photographers from Transnistria were drawn to Blonshtein as a living classic until the very end. Beginners gladly took lessons from the recognized master, and he gladly took on the mission of a teacher and was always happy to share what he could do. Mikhail Blonshtein knew a lot in his business. Evidence of this are victories at all-Union and international competitions, a crystal Hasselblad (to this day one of the most prestigious prizes in the world of photography) ceremoniously received from the hands of the great photographer of Lithuanian origin Antanas Sutkus.

By the way, several works by our fellow countryman have become the property of the Museum of Russian Photography. Such an honor does not fall to every even recognized photographer. This is a sign of high quality, under which Mikhail Iosifovich lived and worked. The memory of him - the Master with a capital letter - will remain in our hearts and his photographic works, capable of snatching moments of life from the fleeting river of time and making them immortal.

TEITHEL EFIM ARONOVICH

“…the camp stays with a person forever,
and the soul and memory of a person forever remain his prisoners…” Aron Teitel

…They fled from the Rybnitsa ghetto, where they had been since October 1941, in February 1944. Half-naked, hungry. There was severe frost and wind. The younger brother Petya died on the way. Sarah, with her last strength, shoveled away the snow and a thin layer of frozen earth. That was how they said goodbye to the baby. They were pursued with dogs. It seemed that everything was over, but by a lucky chance, Aron managed to find a narrow section of the Dniester and help the family ford the river there. Here they were safe from pursuit and continued on their way. They could still somehow fight thirst: they drank sips of melted snow. But hunger slowly and inexorably took away the last of his strength. Aron realized that he would have to leave his wife and little Fimka to turn off to the train station, where he hoped to get at least something edible. He explained to Sarah as best he could where to go next, and they parted. Grandfather saw his father only a month later, because they had gotten lost. And only when the family was together, did everyone understand that the hell they had experienced on earth was behind them…
Grandfather told how Aron, his father, with a heart-wrenching pain and tears in his eyes, said: “There are no former prisoners; those who survived the ghetto have a heavy, unhealing wound on their hearts forever; their bodies and brains remember the smoke of the crematorium until the end of their days, which took their friends, but somehow spared their family; the camp remains with a person forever, and the soul and memory of a person forever remain its prisoners…”
So the life of our grandfather Efim was divided into life before the ghetto and after it...
Grandfather was born on March 11, 1936 in Rybnitsa to deaf-mute parents, Aron and Sarah. We did not know our great-grandfather and great-grandmother, but Grandfather told us a lot about them. For him and his brother Mikhail, who was lucky enough to be born after the war, their parents, despite everything, did a lot: they raised them, educated them, and brought them up in society.
Sarra was a great dressmaker. Aron made shoes and was a furrier. But Efim's post-war childhood was still half-starved and destitute. The street beckoned like a magnet. Who knows how Fimka's fate would have turned out if not for Aron and Sarra. Thanks to his father, his grandfather learned sign language early and easily communicated with the deaf-mute Aron. And Sarra had acquired, not congenital, muteness, and, not very clearly, but still spoke a little. So, mixed up, in Yiddish and Russian, Efim learned to communicate with his mother from early childhood, mastering both languages at once. As best they could, the parents set their children on the right path: they warned and demanded, understood and pitied, forgave and punished, helped as best they could and with whatever they could. Their respect for their parents was endless and unconditional. No, not the fear of possible punishment for disobedience, but respect. Sarah and Aron dreamed with all their hearts to see their sons independent, educated, successful. They tried and fought for their children as best they could. Perhaps that is why no difficulties or hardships prevented grandfather from finishing school with honors. In 1952, he entered the Marculesti Agricultural College, specializing in accounting in agricultural enterprises. In 1956, he graduated with honors and in the same year entered the Rostov-on-Don Financial and Economic Institute, specializing in accounting and planning in agriculture.
In age, grandfather was only a little older than his classmates. But the difficulties that befell him before his student years forced him to mature very early and become hardworking, reasonable and, beyond his years, independent and responsible. This was very soon noticed by both students and teachers of the university. N.A. Zbrodin, who was the rector of this institute when grandfather's daughter Margarita studied there, taught grandfather in those years and said that Efim was the soul of the student community. They took him into account and truly respected him. His opinion was often decisive in disputes and when making important decisions for everyone. He was often trusted to speak on behalf of the students before the administration of the university. It is not surprising that it was Efim - a Jewish young man from a family of poorly educated deaf-mute parents - who was already in his first year, in November of 1956, elected to the post of Chairman of the student trade union committee and held it until graduation.
The thought that he should support his parents and help them never left him for a minute. Therefore, spending time idly on vacation was not even in his thoughts. Every summer of 1957, 1958 and 1959, grandfather went to Kazakhstan to harvest the virgin and fallow lands on a Komsomol ticket. And after graduating from the university, he worked as deputy chief accountant of the Rassvet state farm in the Tatsinsky district of the Rostov region. Good knowledge of accounting and organizational skills allowed Efim to greatly assist the collective farm in the correct preparation of the annual report, bringing order to the accounting on livestock farms and in the complex brigades of the collective farm.
As in the institute, he actively participated in the social life of this farm: he gave lectures on the analysis of the economic activity of the collective farm, on the issues of reducing the cost of livestock products. He was actively invited to other farms of the Tatsinsky district and other districts of the Rostov region with a request to speak on the above topics. Already in 1960, the state administration of the Tatsinsky district appointed twenty-four-year-old Efim Teitel as a state inspector for agriculture for the acceptance and verification of annual reports of collective farms.
Even then, in 1959, being still so young, Efim very convincingly expressed his assumptions that the disunity and disunity of individual farms in the Tatsinsky district was the main reason for the economic, organizational and economic difficulties that all collective farms experienced in the post-war years. At the level of the district state administration, he tried to convey his opinion on the need for integration and cooperation of collective farms in each individual area of management. About the importance of applying special and targeted state efforts to create not only district, but also regional Associations for mechanization, land reclamation, electrification in the branches of agriculture of the Rostov region. He said that the time had come to build large livestock complexes and unite enterprises for the processing of agricultural products, the operation of which could significantly increase the profitability of investments and the financial and economic result of the return on all aspects of activity.
Only in the 70s did what young Efim was talking about acquire broad practical significance and development, and already on the territory of almost the entire Soviet Union.
Due to health reasons, my grandfather was exempted from service in the USSR Armed Forces. On this basis, his petitions for permission to undergo military training at a university were rejected by the Rostov-on-Don military registration and enlistment office several times. But finally, for his active life position, high level of professionalism, personal responsibility and honesty, principled organizational and economic position, he was still exceptionally allowed in 1959 to undergo training at the military department of his university in order to subsequently serve in the quartermaster team at army headquarters. In April 1960, he was awarded the military rank of junior lieutenant of the quartermaster service of the USSR Ministry of Defense, in April 1968 he became a lieutenant, and in August 1977 he went into the reserve as a senior lieutenant of the quartermaster service.
In the autumn of 1960, my grandfather returned to Tiraspol and, by invitation, from 1960 to 1964 he worked at the Moldova collective farm in the village of Korotnoye in the Moldavian SSR as a senior economist, and from 1964 to 1971, as the chief economist of this collective farm.
By 1965, he and his wife Lidiya were already raising two daughters. From 1972 to October 1976, Grandfather worked as an engineer-economist at RSU-1 in Tiraspol and became the author of a number of officially adopted rationalization proposals for the development and implementation of a non-tax payment system at RSU-1. Efim never lost interest in working in agriculture. From 1974 to 1976, he combined his work at RSU with the position of head of the planning and financial service of the Production Association for Livestock Breeding of the Slobodzeya Council of Collective Farms. This position gave him the opportunity to realize his long-standing dream of participating in the development of agriculture in his homeland within the framework of the effective and very promising vectors of integration and intensification at that time. Then, with their leader V.V. Volchansky, they started this path practically from scratch. Much was problematic, incomprehensible, causing doubts, and, above all, among the peasants. It was difficult for people to understand and believe that the change of collective farm ownership to the ownership of the Association of Collective Farms would actually preserve and increase their well-being. In the farms of the Slobodzeya district, grandfather was well known and respected. Efim Aronovich was invited to help with clarifications of economic issues and disputes, people came for advice. His opinion was listened to during decision-making during difficult periods for farms. In July 1977, Efim Aronovich headed the economic service of the Association for the mechanization and electrification of agricultural production of the Slobodzeya Council of Collective Farms. The desire for professional growth prompted the need to continue education. Thus, in 1986, grandfather successfully graduated from the Republican Higher School of Management of the Agro-Industrial Complex, specializing in management, organization and planning in the agro-industrial complex.
In the 90s, a lot changed in the Soviet Union. In 1990, my grandfather became the director of OOO Sozidatel in the village of Slobodzeya. In February 2006, he was invited to the position of head of the Holocaust Program at the Hesed Charity Center in Tiraspol. From September 2006 to May 2013, he was the permanent Chairman of the Jewish Community of Tiraspol. Efim Aronovich has many glorious deeds to his credit, including a monument to the victims of the Holocaust, which was erected in Tiraspol; extensive work on the improvement of the Jewish cemetery - these are also his merits. 
On April 10, 2000, my grandfather was awarded the Commemorative Badge “Veteran of the War of 1941-1945”.
Efim Teitel was awarded two state awards:
• Medal “60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941 –
1945" (July 7, 2004);
• Order of Labor Glory (March 9, 2011).
…On May 9, 2013, he gathered his last strength to go to the Victory Parade, take part in the laying of flowers at the Memorial to the Fallen, and sit with prisoners and veterans at the traditional Dugout.
And on May 16, 2013, we saw off our grandfather on his final journey...
His whole life was a struggle. First, a struggle for the right to survive, then for the right to live, paying his debt to his parents, family, work, people. A very important thing in his life was the desire to talk about the Holocaust. He used every opportunity to meet with any audience within the walls of the Museum in the Synagogue of our city with joy and great responsibility. Such meetings with young people were especially important for him. Grandfather always tried to convey to the minds and hearts of young people the idea that it was up to them to ensure that fascism, the Holocaust and any other manifestations of genocide and national hatred never again brought suffering to anyone.
It is noteworthy for us that for part of his life, Grandfather was the leader of the Jewish Community of Tiraspol. He fought for the preservation of the Synagogue in our city and throughout all the years of his selfless and gratuitous service to the Community, he was the custodian of the Holocaust Museum.

As members of his family, it is important for us to see that Grandfather's participation in the history and life of the Jewish Community is recognized and duly appreciated. It is very important for us that he will remain in the memory of those who were dear to him, and those who will carry this memory, the lessons and joy of communicating with him, the immense gratitude to him for his mentorship, help and support throughout their lives.

With fond memories and gratitude
to our relatives and friends who survived the war and the ghetto –
Alexander Navarich and Stanislav Teitel (Navarich)
- grandchildren of Efim Aronovich Teitel

Autobiography.
“I, Chebanyuk Vladimir Fedorovich, born in 1921. Before the war, I lived with my mother, Schwartz Sonya Davidovna, in Odessa. I don’t know my father, I grew up without him. I spent my childhood and youth in Odessa. And since I was born in March 1941, when I turned 20, I was drafted into the army. There was very little time left before the Great Patriotic War. The war began - I was a soldier. They wanted to train me to be an officer, but I was illiterate. Why? Because I grew up without a father. My mother had two of us. Me and my younger brother David. I started working very early - at the age of 13 in a hazardous job. He was a galvanizer, but he earned very well. He was, to some extent, the breadwinner of the family. My mother worked part-time and raised David, who was 5 years younger than me.
In March 1941 I was drafted into the Red Army. From Odessa I was sent to serve in Dnepropetrovsk. When the war began, I was in summer camps in the city of Nikopol. In July 1941, our military unit was loaded onto vehicles and taken to the Dnieper River to defend the city of Zaporozhye. On September 29, 1941, I was wounded and captured near the village of Nikolaevka. And it was like this. We were sent on reconnaissance for a "tongue", and there were Italian units there: we were on one side of the Dnieper, they were on the other. I was wounded, and I, covered in blood and practically dying, was not taken to the camp and was thrown out of the cart onto the road, because they thought that I would not survive. I was picked up by local old people Grigory Titovich and Evgeniya Davydovna Kravchenko. They nursed me back to health.
In May 1942, I was caught in a raid and sent to Germany. I ended up in the village of Dallmin, where I worked for the owner. There was a large farm there – a butter and cheese factory, a pigsty, a cowshed, and there was construction on the railroad, where we worked. At first, they put us up in a stable, and then built a barracks where we slept right on the cement floor. There were 30 of us from Ukraine and 40 from Poland. For the slightest offense, we were punished and beaten with a whip or a piece of hose until we bled. I tried to escape twice – and was caught twice. Once, the clerk wanted to hit me with a stick, I put my hand out to avoid the blow and the stick ended up in my hand. For this, a policeman arrived and took me to prison in the city of Perleberg. I spent one month there. We sawed firewood. We received 300 grams of bread a day. It was September 1943. From Perleberg I was transferred to the city of Wittenberg, where I was kept for a month, after which I was transferred to Potsdam. Here I had to sleep on the cement floor completely naked. Lights out at 6:00 PM, wake up at 6:00 AM. 20 people at a time in the shower. It was November. First they turned on almost boiling water and then cold water. We ran back to the cell to put on a shirt and trousers and warm up a little. There were 120 people in the cell, we had to sleep on our left sides, pressed tightly against each other to warm up, since we slept naked. If someone spoke or screamed, they doused us with cold water from a hose. There were no windows in the cell, only bars. In the last days of November 1943, 120 of us were taken to the Grossbern camp. There was another "pleasure" here - they scooped out lice by the handful and for a month and a half we couldn't even wash our faces. Here the rules were different: lights out at 8:00 PM, wake up at 6:00 AM. On the square in the cold, checkpoint at 8:00 AM and off to work - unloading cement and lime. That's how I experienced all the "delights" of prisons and camps. My personal file was in Potsdam Prison. Here is this photo and my number - 1704. This personal file followed me from prison to prison and back to Dallmin, where I spent a total of 3 years toiling. In addition, I was always under the threat of being discovered as a Jew. I myself do not know how I stayed alive...
On May 2, 1945, he was liberated by Soviet troops. In early June 1945, when I was traveling from Germany to the USSR, to the city of Grodno, I went through a filtration camp and returned to the same village from where I was deported to Germany. I lived in this village until 1947.
Afterwards I returned to Odessa. Our apartment in Odessa was gone and our things were gone. In 1947, when I was getting my passport in Odessa, I asked to write Jewish in the "nationality" column, but they scolded me and wrote Ukrainian. So, being a Jew, I write myself Ukrainian. In 1948, I came to Tiraspol to visit my cousin and stayed there forever. In Tiraspol, I accidentally met a man who told me that he knew my mother and that he personally brought her to Odessa. That's how I found my mother. During the war, she was in the ghetto in Romania. There she was taken three times with a group of Jews to be shot, but she managed to escape, and she also took other people's children with her.
In 1960, I went to night school, and then to a technical school, to get at least some education, since my lack of education always hindered me. I married a Jewish girl and lived with her for 52 years. I have two children: a son and a daughter. I retired after working 41 years in one place."

Zabasina Mina Aronovna (née Vayserman) was born on September 9, 1934 in the town of Chechelnik, Ukrainian SSR, Vinnytsia region. She lived with her brother in a complete Jewish family, where her father, Vayserman Aron Usherovich, was the first secretary of the district party committee, and her mother, Vayserman Sura Ayzikovna, was a dressmaker.
The Great Patriotic War began. Several dozen Jewish families managed to evacuate from Chechelnik. But not all of them. All the men from Mina Aronovna's large family were mobilized to the front: her father, her mother's six brothers, her grandfather, and her mother's sisters' husbands. A total of 17 people. None of them returned from the war: they died at the front, were tortured in captivity, or went missing. Her father was a political instructor and died in 1942 near Staingrad. On the memorial to Chechelnik soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War, more than half of the list is made up of Jewish names.
With the arrival of the German invaders in the village of Chechelnik in early July 1941 and until 1944, six-year-old Mina, along with her mother, brother, grandmother, and aunt with her children, found themselves in a ghetto specially created for Jews. With the help of policemen, the Germans and Romanians drove all the Jews out of their homes and drove them into barns. The unwanted and dissatisfied were shot. The Romanian occupation forces ordered all Jews to move to the ghetto. About a thousand Jews from Chechelnik were housed there, as well as Jews from the villages of the Chechelnik region. In the fall of 1941, more than a thousand Jews deported from Bessarabia and Bukovina arrived in the ghetto.
The ghetto in Chechelnik was an open type. But leaving it meant being shot. This place was guarded by collaborators - Ukrainian policemen. By order of the Romanian gendarmerie, Jews were sent to forced labor at the railway station, sugar factory, and fields. Some of the prisoners were sent to Nikolaev to build bridges. Inside the ghetto, each house was occupied by 4-5 families, forced to live in extremely cramped conditions without sewage and with a complete lack of medical care. Typhus and other infectious diseases raged in the overcrowded ghetto, due to which about half of its inhabitants died. The main food was potatoes, secretly exchanged for things and other valuables from local peasants. Many families had acquaintances among the peasants who saved them from starvation.
According to Mina Aronovna, in their ghetto everyone without exception was forced to work from early morning until late evening - in the fields in winter they sorted vegetables. They fed everyone once a day with a soup made from vegetable peelings. "... The Germans came and told us to pack up. They beat and killed us in the camp. I was a child, sick, I couldn't walk, I was lying down. And besides the Germans abusing us, the Romanians also came to us. They raided us at night, kept us in fear. They killed my grandmother and aunt. They knocked out my mother's teeth with a rifle butt, and crushed the fingers on my brother's right hand. We died from exhaustion, hunger, cold, and infectious diseases. I had typhus and furunculosis. My whole body was covered in boils that left permanent scars... There was an underground Jewish group operating in the ghetto that had connections with the underground fighters in the region and the partisans. It was called the "partisan Jewish link." The underground group was led by Isaak Granovsky - he was my grandmother's adopted son. My brother was also in the partisans. This house (the ghetto) stood on "on the hill, there were underground passages, and at night the partisans would come, sometimes they would feed us. The youth who were in the ghetto, at night through these passages carried out the partisans' tasks. For example, when they were driven to work, they saw where everything was, what objects, what weapons, and reported this to the partisans."

Isaak Granovsky, on the instructions of a representative of the partisan headquarters, united disparate groups of underground fighters and intensified their activities. In February 1943, he organized a resistance group in Chechelnik, which included 22 people. In the fall of 1943, fearing arrest, Granovsky went to the partisan detachment. - Mina Aronovna says in her biography already in 2010. She sometimes immersed herself in her distant childhood memories and again experienced those terrible events of four years spent in the Jewish ghetto. She could not remember without tears and pain.
In total, from July 1941 to March 1944, up to one and a half thousand people were tortured, killed, died of hunger and disease in the Chechelnik ghetto, according to former prisoners. Although according to the Chechelnik District Council (Rada), more than 500 people. They are buried in a mass grave in the Jewish cemetery, which is two kilometers from the center of Chechelnik. In the Yad Vashem Museum of the Holocaust and Heroism of the Jewish People in Jerusalem, the name of the ghetto in Chechelnik is carved in the valley of the perished communities.
Mina Aronovna and her mother managed to survive that hell. In March 1944, the Red Army liberated Ukraine from the German occupiers and after the end of the war, a hungry post-war childhood began. Until 1952, Mina Aronovna lived and studied in her native Chechelnik. After finishing high school, she went to study in Moldova. She entered the Bender Medical School. After graduating, she remained to live in the city of Bender. Here she met her husband, got married, and gave birth to two sons. In general, she lived a decent life. She worked in a maternity hospital and a kindergarten for 50 years.
In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 63 of the Constitution of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Decree of the President of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic "On state awards of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" for significant contribution to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, active participation in the military-patriotic education of the younger generation and in connection with the 75th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, it was decided: to award Mina Aronovna Zabasina with the jubilee medal "75 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
 Date of death of Zabasina Mina Aronovna 06/22/2020

During the Great Patriotic War, there was not a single person or family in the republics of the former Soviet Union that was not affected by the hardships of war. People of all nationalities, ages and genders stood up to defend their homeland. They say that war has "an unwomanly face". However, life dealt harshly - on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, women often fought and worked equally with men and made a great contribution to the cause of Victory. During the war, women served in a variety of troops. Of course, the largest number of women were among the medical personnel. In all units and subdivisions of the active army, there were soldiers of the health service, ready to come to the aid of the wounded at any moment. The working day of doctors and nurses of medical battalions and front-line hospitals often lasted several days. Sleepless nights, medical workers stood relentlessly near the operating tables, and some of them pulled the dead and wounded from the battlefield on their backs. And this story is about our compatriot - precisely about such a small, fragile and at the same time courageous and resilient woman.
Raisa Efimovna Klichinskaya was born on April 14, 1926, to a Jewish family in the city of Bender. She graduated from 4 classes of the "Romanian School"; and at the age of 13, she began studying to be a seamstress. In 1940, she continued her education at a Soviet school. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, her family was evacuated to the Rostov Region. Then, when the front was approaching, they were again evacuated to the Stalingrad Region, Podtelkovsky District, the village of Slashchevka, where the Evacuation Hospital was located. Still a girl at the age of 16, Raya voluntarily began working in this hospital, since there were a lot of wounded and the medical staff could not cope. During the war, she went from being an orderly to a nurse in the surgical department. With this hospital, the young nurse Raechka went through a long and difficult military path: Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Germany. Having experienced the full horror of war: wounds, blood, dirt, human suffering, death, which left a deep mark and imprint for life, nurse Rechka did not break - she stood firm, survived. For courage and selflessness, for her heroic work, for her contribution to the victory, Raisa Efimovna Klichinskaya was awarded many orders and medals; including the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, the medals "For the Victory over Germany" and Zhukov. The happiest and most exciting day in her life was Victory Day, which found her in the German city of Dresden. The feeling of joy was indescribable. Tears of happiness clouded her eyes. After Victory Day, Raisa Efimovna's hospital was sent to the city of Prague, where on the way through Poland, they picked up sick, wounded, tortured people, former prisoners of fascist concentration camps, among whom were many sick with tuberculosis and other serious infections. After the hospital was disbanded in 1946, Raisa Efimovna worked in the medical unit of the flight unit in Vienna. After working in Vienna for 2 years, only six years after the evacuation, she mobilized to her hometown of Bender, where she got a job at a sewing factory, which is now called the Vestra sewing company. In 1951, Raisa Efimovna got married. In marriage, a son was born. In 1981, she retired. From the very foundation of Hesed, Raisa Efimovna was an active volunteer, participated in public life, attended all clubs and events. The owner of a fine ear for music and a beautiful voice, she was a soloist of the Golden Autumn choir. Many Jewish folk songs, as well as songs of the war years, were stored in her memory. Until her very last days, maintaining optimism, faith in people, goodness; Raisa Efimovna Klichinskaya died on January 30, 2020.

Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Arkadyevich Pavlotsky was born on February 5, 1922 in Tiraspol to a Jewish family of an employee. His parents were Arkady Leibovich and Sura Pavlotsky.
He graduated from school No. 6 in Tiraspol (today - the Humanities and Mathematics Gymnasium). His childhood and youth were spent in his hometown. After finishing ten classes, Mikhail entered the Industrial Institute in Odessa. However, the further he went, the more his thoughts were occupied by a military career. Soon, the first-year student Pavlotsky transferred to a military school.
     In 1940, Mikhail was drafted into the Red Army. In 1941, he graduated from the Leningrad Military Infantry School. In the active army - from May 1942 as the chief of communications of the 62nd anti-aircraft regiment. He received his baptism of fire near Leningrad. He fought on the Volkhov, Leningrad, Bryansk, and Central fronts.
During the fighting, Captain Mikhail Pavlotsky showed himself to be a heroic and courageous officer. While commanding a battalion at the Desna River, near the settlement of Obolonye (Chernigov Oblast, Ukraine), Captain Pavlotsky's subordinates destroyed enemy troops superior in strength and numbers and dealt them a crushing blow. Only by their personal example and fearlessness did they withstand the onslaught of enemy troops and complete the task assigned to the detachment. During the Battle of the Dnieper, Mikhail Pavlotsky served as assistant to the chief of staff of the 360th Rifle Division reconnaissance group. It was his detachment that was able to take the bridgehead, as well as provide adequate fire cover for the safe crossing of the Soviet regiment. Even after being wounded, Captain Pavlotsky did not stop leading the battle that lasted for two days, repelling enemy attacks. His unit methodically repelled attacks by enemy troops and military equipment, until reinforcements arrived.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 16, 1943, for heroism shown during the crossing of the Dnieper near the village of Komarin, Bragin District, Gomel Region, Mikhail Arkadyevich Pavlotsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin, and the Gold Star medal. Mikhail Pavlotsky's awards include the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st and 2nd class, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Star, and medals.
Member of the CPSU since 1945, Since 1946 - Major, discharged into the reserve with the rank of Major, after which in 1958 he graduated from the Higher School of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Until 1964 he served in the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He went into the reserve with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
In the 60s M.A. Pavlotsky came to Tiraspol and met with students from his native 6th school.
The Hero of the Soviet Union died on June 3, 1999 in Kyiv. In his hometown of Tiraspol, his name is immortalized on a memorial plaque installed on the building of the Humanities and Mathematics Gymnasium, which he graduated from.

Lyudmila Vasilyevna Yavtukhovich was born on August 31, 1923 in Tomsk to a family of an employee. Lyudmila's mother is a Polish Jew. Due to the ban of the Soviet government, Jewish traditions were not observed. But Lyudmila remembers how her mother made matzah and stuffed fish for Passover.

In 1937, the family was repressed and moved to Novosibirsk, where Lyusya entered medical school, which she graduated from in 1940 and worked as a paramedic. There she learned about the beginning of the war and was called up to the front by the Novosibirsk military registration and enlistment office. She worked as a paramedic in hospitals throughout the war. In 1943, she married Miron Isaakovich Rynkov, a Jew. She served in a medical battalion on the front line, as a lieutenant of the medical service. Front-line newspapers wrote about her, she was awarded a medal for the Victory over Germany, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degree, a medal for the liberation of Poland, and then numerous jubilee medals. She ended the war in the Polish city of Liegnica, where she served with her husband in a military hospital.

In 1949, following her husband Miron Isaakovich Rynkov's place of service, she moved to Tiraspol, where her daughters Olga and Irina were born. She worked as a senior laboratory assistant-bacteriologist at the SES. During her lifetime, she gave birth to 4 grandsons and granddaughters. She was an active pensioner, attended Hesed, studied various programs at the Day Center, met with students from the gymnasium, and communicated with her wartime friends on the Internet. She passed away at the age of 90 due to a serious illness on April 28, 2013.

  Shlema Abramovich was born on 27/12/1919 in the city of Dubrovno, Vitebsk region, in the Belarusian Republic, to a family of workers. After finishing high school, he worked as an apprentice and then as a mechanic at the Dneprovskaya Manufactory weaving factory.

In 1939 he was drafted into the army. From 1939 to 1940 he studied at the tank technical school. At the school he was awarded the rank of sergeant major. The Great Patriotic War found Shlema Abramovich on June 22, 1941 on the western borders of the country, already an experienced, well-trained and prepared tank soldier, with two years of service in the Red Army behind him. Shlema was on the border with Finland. He participated in battles on the Karelian, Kalinin, Northwestern, Second Baltic, First Ukrainian fronts. He went through the war from its very beginning to its victorious end. And he had to know the bitterness of defeat, great losses and retreats of the first period of the war. Having become an officer of the Red Army, by his personal example and courage he inspired his subordinates to feats in the name of victory. He took direct part in military operations, with the exception of the time spent in military hospitals due to injuries.
The last battle was on May 9, 1945, for the liberation of the capital of Czechoslovakia - Prague. Shlema Abramovich ended the war with the rank of guard captain. He was wounded three times. He was awarded: the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, four combat orders, 15 medals of the Soviet Union, the medal "50 years of the State of Israel". Despite all the difficulties, Shlema Abramovich was a kind, caring, modest, sympathetic and shy person. It was such people who did everything possible and impossible to save humanity from the enslavement of fascism.

After his discharge from the armed forces, he worked at various enterprises in the city and Shlema Abramovich lived in Tiraspol until the end of his life. There is also a place for heroes and exploits in peacetime. By decree of the President of the PMR in 2001, Gaubman Shlema Abramovich, chairman of the religious Jewish community of the city of Tiraspol, was awarded the medal "For Labor Valor" for his services in the field of spiritual and moral education, strengthening the unity of the people of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
We were lucky to know the hero during his lifetime – he was a participant in the Day Center program at the Tiraspol Hesed.
Gaubman Shlema Abramovich died on April 24, 2009.

  Faina Izrailevna was born on April 27, 1918 in Ukraine, Nikolaev region, Krivoozersky district, Krivoe ozero village. In 1923, her father died, and Faina's mother raised her alone. Jewish holidays and traditions were observed in the family. The parents attended the synagogue. Faina Izrailevna read, wrote and spoke Yiddish. In 1931, Faina and her mother moved to Odessa, where Faina completed accounting courses. In 1936, Faina moved to Tiraspol, where she worked as an accountant.
  At the very beginning, the Germans shot my mother, and Faina was evacuated from Tiraspol in a coal car. Like many other citizens from the frontline areas, she grabbed some belongings, almost died on the way under bombing, and evacuated deep into the country, where a system of defense enterprises was being created. But many women could not sit in the rear, and in 1942 Faina Albul joined the ranks of the Red Army. She graduated from military courses for junior commanders. She served in the anti-aircraft unit of the Karelian Front. Such trials fell to the lot of this fragile woman as winter cold, impassable roads, swamps. It was necessary not only to survive in these difficult conditions, but also to fight on one of the important fronts. Continuous bombing, shelling, raids by fascist sabotage groups - all this had to be repelled by the crew of the anti-aircraft artillery installations in which Faina Izrailevna served. It was difficult to understand how this fragile, pretty woman managed to endure all the hardships and deprivations of the war, but she endured, stood firm and won. For her military merits during the war and participation in the defeat of the Japanese army in the Far East in the summer of 1945, Faina Izrailevna Albul was awarded many military awards and gratitude from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The war for her ended in Japan.
  After the end of the war, she returned to live in Tiraspol. In 1945, she got married. Faina worked as an accountant. She left behind two children: a son and a daughter. Faina had a large library, and she loved to read until her old age. Faina Izrailevna was always a very active woman, attended all the events held by Hesed and participated in public life until her last days.

Sakovskaya's daughter Nina Yakovlevna talks about her father, Yakov Elikovich Shmukler.

My dad lived his entire life in Bender, except for the war. He was born here on June 3, 1921, was very well known in the city, and enjoyed universal respect. According to Jewish tradition, he began to study at the age of five - first a teacher taught him, then the boy went to cheder, and at the same time studied in a Romanian school. His father fell ill with tuberculosis and, in order not to infect his loved ones, left the family when Yasha was about ten years old, and died very early. And this influenced the rest of my dad's life.

He finished four grades and entered a commercial school. He studied very well and had great abilities. But he had to support his family from the age of thirteen, and had nothing to pay for further education. Therefore, after studying for only two years, he was forced to leave the commercial school and become a clerk in a shoe store. Yasha quickly made progress, was in good standing and mastered the profession of an accountant in practice. With the outbreak of the war, he was evacuated with his mother and sister, and in the North Caucasus he was called up to the front. But he did not stay in the active army for long (although he was awarded the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"): he fell ill with malaria, was demobilized and transferred to the labor front. He worked in Tajikistan for some time, and then, until the end of the war, on the construction of the West Siberian Railway. In April 1946, he returned to Bendery with his family.

He got married in Siberia, his mother, Anna Efimovna Sulgina, a Russian woman, was also mobilized for this construction site. That's where they met, and my older brother was born there. In general, my father remembered life in pre-war Bendery well, not to mention the post-war period, his memoirs were often published in various local newspapers, and were later published as a separate book, "I'll Tell You About All of Bendery."

After the war, my father worked as an accountant in various organizations and enterprises. Already a respectable family man in the 60s, he graduated from evening school and, by correspondence, with honors from the planning and economics technical school. And he retired as the chief accountant of a large canning plant.

As a child, he attended cheder, and it was then that he read the Torah in Hebrew. And towards the end of his life, he consciously returned to religion and became the cantor of the Bender synagogue. In 2001, my father, as the cantor of the Bender synagogue, was awarded the medal "For Labor Valor". As the certificate says, "For services in the cause of spiritual and moral education, for strengthening the unity of peoples." He always conducted services, read prayers and sang not only during holidays, but also at all Holocaust memorial rallies. Dad steadily fulfilled his duties literally until the last days of his life, never turning anyone down if they wanted to perform any ritual. He managed to live to see four great-grandchildren.

He died in 2006, at the age of 85. Both my children and my grandchildren know what a wonderful person Yakov Elikovich Shmukler was. I have saved all the documents and numerous honorary certificates from different years and I want my descendants to know what a worthy person he was. In the Day Center of Hesed in Tiraspol there is a small stand dedicated to my father. I am very proud of my father and glad that his memory lives not only in the family, but also among the people who knew and respected him.

Born October 28, 1900, Ukrainian SSR, Zhitomir. - Soviet military figure, brigade commissar, colonel. Graduated from the cavalry KUKS, cavalry school, military-political courses at the Kyiv United Military School. Member of the Bolshevik Party since 1920.

• From 1919 — in the Red Army — suppressed uprisings in the Caucasus. Participant in the Civil War, Red Army soldier of the mounted reconnaissance of the 30th rifle regiment of a separate squadron of the 77th rifle division from 1920. Later assistant platoon commander from 1923.
• From 1924 - platoon commander of the 3rd Caucasian Cavalry Regiment, platoon commander of the 13th Cavalry Regiment of the 3rd Bessarabian Cavalry Division, squadron political instructor, responsible secretary of the party commission from 1934.
• From 1935 - assistant to the commander of the 2nd horse artillery regiment for political affairs.
• From 1936 - assistant to the commander of the 8th corps artillery regiment for political affairs. Military commissar (military commissar) of the 100th rifle division from 1937. brigade commissar.
• During the war with Finland, he was a military commissar of the 100th rifle division of the 15th Army. From 1939-1940, he liberated Belarus and fought against the White Finns.
• Since 1941, he was a member of the senior ranks of the Red Army, deputy commander of the 14th Rifle Corps of the 9th Army of the Odessa Military District for political affairs (military commissar of the 14th Rifle Corps).
• During the defense of Odessa, he was the military commissar of the 421st rifle division, which defended one of the sectors of the Odessa defensive region on the shore.
• From 1942 to 1943 - deputy political officer of the 9th Guards Corps.
• Since 1942 - colonel.
• From 1943 to 1949 - Chief of the Political Department of the 9th Guards Rifle Corps.

Awards:

• He received 11 letters of gratitude from Stalin. He was awarded 5 Orders of the Red Banner and two Orders of Lenin.
• Medal: "For the Capture of Berlin", Medal: "For the Defense of Odessa", Medal: "For the Defense of Sevastopol", Medal: "For the Liberation of Warsaw", Order: "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", Order of the Red Star.
• In 1982, he was included in the "Golden Book" of honorary citizens of the MSSR. He was noted in the book "Transnistria in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." He was dismissed as a colonel in the position of head of the political department of the rifle corps.

He lived and died in Tiraspol on August 22, 1991. He was buried in the Far Cemetery, on the Alley of Glory.